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Species-specific microRNA roles elucidated following astrocyte activation

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are short non-coding RNAs that play a central role in regulation of gene expression by binding to target genes. Many miRNAs were associated with the function of the central nervous system (CNS) in health and disease. Astrocytes are the CNS most abundant glia cells, providing suppo...

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Autores principales: Mor, Eyal, Cabilly, Yuval, Goldshmit, Yona, Zalts, Harel, Modai, Shira, Edry, Liat, Elroy-Stein, Orna, Shomron, Noam
Formato: Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Oxford University Press 2011
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3089466/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21247879
http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/nar/gkq1325
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author Mor, Eyal
Cabilly, Yuval
Goldshmit, Yona
Zalts, Harel
Modai, Shira
Edry, Liat
Elroy-Stein, Orna
Shomron, Noam
author_facet Mor, Eyal
Cabilly, Yuval
Goldshmit, Yona
Zalts, Harel
Modai, Shira
Edry, Liat
Elroy-Stein, Orna
Shomron, Noam
author_sort Mor, Eyal
collection PubMed
description MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are short non-coding RNAs that play a central role in regulation of gene expression by binding to target genes. Many miRNAs were associated with the function of the central nervous system (CNS) in health and disease. Astrocytes are the CNS most abundant glia cells, providing support by maintaining homeostasis and by regulating neuronal signaling, survival and synaptic plasticity. Astrocytes play a key role in repair of brain insults, as part of local immune reactivity triggered by inflammatory or pathological conditions. Thus, astrocyte activation, or astrogliosis, is an important outcome of the innate immune response, which can be elicited by endotoxins such as lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and cytokines such as interferon-gamma (IFN-γ). The involvement of miRNAs in inflammation and stress led us to hypothesize that astrogliosis is mediated by miRNA function. In this study, we compared the miRNA regulatory layer expressed in primary cultured astrocyte derived from rodents (mice) and primates (marmosets) brains upon exposure to LPS and IFN-γ. We identified subsets of differentially expressed miRNAs some of which are shared with other immunological related systems while others, surprisingly, are mouse and rat specific. Of interest, these specific miRNAs regulate genes involved in the tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) signaling pathway, indicating a miRNA-based species-specific regulation. Our data suggests that miRNA function is more significant in the mechanisms governing astrocyte activation in rodents compared to primates.
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spelling pubmed-30894662011-05-09 Species-specific microRNA roles elucidated following astrocyte activation Mor, Eyal Cabilly, Yuval Goldshmit, Yona Zalts, Harel Modai, Shira Edry, Liat Elroy-Stein, Orna Shomron, Noam Nucleic Acids Res Molecular Biology MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are short non-coding RNAs that play a central role in regulation of gene expression by binding to target genes. Many miRNAs were associated with the function of the central nervous system (CNS) in health and disease. Astrocytes are the CNS most abundant glia cells, providing support by maintaining homeostasis and by regulating neuronal signaling, survival and synaptic plasticity. Astrocytes play a key role in repair of brain insults, as part of local immune reactivity triggered by inflammatory or pathological conditions. Thus, astrocyte activation, or astrogliosis, is an important outcome of the innate immune response, which can be elicited by endotoxins such as lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and cytokines such as interferon-gamma (IFN-γ). The involvement of miRNAs in inflammation and stress led us to hypothesize that astrogliosis is mediated by miRNA function. In this study, we compared the miRNA regulatory layer expressed in primary cultured astrocyte derived from rodents (mice) and primates (marmosets) brains upon exposure to LPS and IFN-γ. We identified subsets of differentially expressed miRNAs some of which are shared with other immunological related systems while others, surprisingly, are mouse and rat specific. Of interest, these specific miRNAs regulate genes involved in the tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) signaling pathway, indicating a miRNA-based species-specific regulation. Our data suggests that miRNA function is more significant in the mechanisms governing astrocyte activation in rodents compared to primates. Oxford University Press 2011-05 2011-01-18 /pmc/articles/PMC3089466/ /pubmed/21247879 http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/nar/gkq1325 Text en © The Author(s) 2011. Published by Oxford University Press. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/2.5 This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/2.5), which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
spellingShingle Molecular Biology
Mor, Eyal
Cabilly, Yuval
Goldshmit, Yona
Zalts, Harel
Modai, Shira
Edry, Liat
Elroy-Stein, Orna
Shomron, Noam
Species-specific microRNA roles elucidated following astrocyte activation
title Species-specific microRNA roles elucidated following astrocyte activation
title_full Species-specific microRNA roles elucidated following astrocyte activation
title_fullStr Species-specific microRNA roles elucidated following astrocyte activation
title_full_unstemmed Species-specific microRNA roles elucidated following astrocyte activation
title_short Species-specific microRNA roles elucidated following astrocyte activation
title_sort species-specific microrna roles elucidated following astrocyte activation
topic Molecular Biology
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3089466/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21247879
http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/nar/gkq1325
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