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Autonomic Nervous Dysfunction in Hamsters Infected with West Nile Virus

Clinical studies and case reports clearly document that West Nile virus (WNV) can cause respiratory and gastrointestinal (GI) complications. Other functions controlled by the autonomic nervous system may also be directly affected by WNV, such as bladder and cardiac functions. To investigate how WNV...

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Autores principales: Wang, Hong, Siddharthan, Venkatraman, Hall, Jeffery O., Morrey, John D.
Formato: Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Public Library of Science 2011
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3090402/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21573009
http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0019575
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author Wang, Hong
Siddharthan, Venkatraman
Hall, Jeffery O.
Morrey, John D.
author_facet Wang, Hong
Siddharthan, Venkatraman
Hall, Jeffery O.
Morrey, John D.
author_sort Wang, Hong
collection PubMed
description Clinical studies and case reports clearly document that West Nile virus (WNV) can cause respiratory and gastrointestinal (GI) complications. Other functions controlled by the autonomic nervous system may also be directly affected by WNV, such as bladder and cardiac functions. To investigate how WNV can cause autonomic dysfunctions, we focused on the cardiac and GI dysfunctions of rodents infected with WNV. Infected hamsters had distension of the stomach and intestines at day 9 after viral challenge. GI motility was detected by a dye retention assay; phenol red dye was retained more in the stomachs of infected hamsters as compared to sham-infected hamsters. The amplitudes of electromygraphs (EMGs) of intestinal muscles were significantly reduced. Myenteric neurons that innervate the intestines, in addition to neurons in the brain stem, were identified to be infected with WNV. These data suggest that infected neurons controlling autonomic function were the cause of GI dysfunction in WNV-infected hamsters. Using radiotelemetry to record electrocardiograms and to measure heart rate variability (HRV), a well-accepted readout for autonomic function, we determined that HRV and autonomic function were suppressed in WNV-infected hamsters. Cardiac histopathology was observed at day 9 only in the right atrium, which was coincident with WNV staining. A subset of WNV infected cells was identified among cells with hyperplarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated potassium channel 4 (HCN4) as a marker for cells in the sinoatrial (SA) and atrioventricular (AV) nodes. The unique contribution of this study is the discovery that WNV infection of hamsters can lead to autonomic dysfunction as determined by reduced HRV and reduced EMG amplitudes of the GI tract. These data may model autonomic dysfunction of the human West Nile neurological disease.
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spelling pubmed-30904022011-05-13 Autonomic Nervous Dysfunction in Hamsters Infected with West Nile Virus Wang, Hong Siddharthan, Venkatraman Hall, Jeffery O. Morrey, John D. PLoS One Research Article Clinical studies and case reports clearly document that West Nile virus (WNV) can cause respiratory and gastrointestinal (GI) complications. Other functions controlled by the autonomic nervous system may also be directly affected by WNV, such as bladder and cardiac functions. To investigate how WNV can cause autonomic dysfunctions, we focused on the cardiac and GI dysfunctions of rodents infected with WNV. Infected hamsters had distension of the stomach and intestines at day 9 after viral challenge. GI motility was detected by a dye retention assay; phenol red dye was retained more in the stomachs of infected hamsters as compared to sham-infected hamsters. The amplitudes of electromygraphs (EMGs) of intestinal muscles were significantly reduced. Myenteric neurons that innervate the intestines, in addition to neurons in the brain stem, were identified to be infected with WNV. These data suggest that infected neurons controlling autonomic function were the cause of GI dysfunction in WNV-infected hamsters. Using radiotelemetry to record electrocardiograms and to measure heart rate variability (HRV), a well-accepted readout for autonomic function, we determined that HRV and autonomic function were suppressed in WNV-infected hamsters. Cardiac histopathology was observed at day 9 only in the right atrium, which was coincident with WNV staining. A subset of WNV infected cells was identified among cells with hyperplarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated potassium channel 4 (HCN4) as a marker for cells in the sinoatrial (SA) and atrioventricular (AV) nodes. The unique contribution of this study is the discovery that WNV infection of hamsters can lead to autonomic dysfunction as determined by reduced HRV and reduced EMG amplitudes of the GI tract. These data may model autonomic dysfunction of the human West Nile neurological disease. Public Library of Science 2011-05-09 /pmc/articles/PMC3090402/ /pubmed/21573009 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0019575 Text en Wang et al. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are properly credited.
spellingShingle Research Article
Wang, Hong
Siddharthan, Venkatraman
Hall, Jeffery O.
Morrey, John D.
Autonomic Nervous Dysfunction in Hamsters Infected with West Nile Virus
title Autonomic Nervous Dysfunction in Hamsters Infected with West Nile Virus
title_full Autonomic Nervous Dysfunction in Hamsters Infected with West Nile Virus
title_fullStr Autonomic Nervous Dysfunction in Hamsters Infected with West Nile Virus
title_full_unstemmed Autonomic Nervous Dysfunction in Hamsters Infected with West Nile Virus
title_short Autonomic Nervous Dysfunction in Hamsters Infected with West Nile Virus
title_sort autonomic nervous dysfunction in hamsters infected with west nile virus
topic Research Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3090402/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21573009
http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0019575
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