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Malaria risk factors in north-east Tanzania

BACKGROUND: Understanding the factors which determine a household's or individual's risk of malaria infection is important for targeting control interventions at all intensities of transmission. Malaria ecology in Tanzania appears to have reduced over recent years. This study investigated...

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Autores principales: Winskill, Peter, Rowland, Mark, Mtove, George, Malima, Robert C, Kirby, Matthew J
Formato: Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: BioMed Central 2011
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3094229/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21507217
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1475-2875-10-98
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author Winskill, Peter
Rowland, Mark
Mtove, George
Malima, Robert C
Kirby, Matthew J
author_facet Winskill, Peter
Rowland, Mark
Mtove, George
Malima, Robert C
Kirby, Matthew J
author_sort Winskill, Peter
collection PubMed
description BACKGROUND: Understanding the factors which determine a household's or individual's risk of malaria infection is important for targeting control interventions at all intensities of transmission. Malaria ecology in Tanzania appears to have reduced over recent years. This study investigated potential risk factors and clustering in face of changing infection dynamics. METHODS: Household survey data were collected in villages of rural Muheza district. Children aged between six months and thirteen years were tested for presence of malaria parasites using microscopy. A multivariable logistic regression model was constructed to identify significant risk factors for children. Geographical information systems combined with global positioning data and spatial scan statistic analysis were used to identify clusters of malaria. RESULTS: Using an insecticide-treated mosquito net of any type proved to be highly protective against malaria (OR 0.75, 95% CI 0.59-0.96). Children aged five to thirteen years were at higher risk of having malaria than those aged under five years (OR 1.71, 95% CI 1.01-2.91). The odds of malaria were less for females when compared to males (OR 0.62, 95% CI 0.39-0.98). Two spatial clusters of significantly increased malaria risk were identified in two out of five villages. CONCLUSIONS: This study provides evidence that recent declines in malaria transmission and prevalence may shift the age groups at risk of malaria infection to older children. Risk factor analysis provides support for universal coverage and targeting of long-lasting insecticide-treated nets (LLINs) to all age groups. Clustering of cases indicates heterogeneity of risk. Improved targeting of LLINs or additional supplementary control interventions to high risk clusters may improve outcomes and efficiency as malaria transmission continues to fall under intensified control.
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spelling pubmed-30942292011-05-14 Malaria risk factors in north-east Tanzania Winskill, Peter Rowland, Mark Mtove, George Malima, Robert C Kirby, Matthew J Malar J Research BACKGROUND: Understanding the factors which determine a household's or individual's risk of malaria infection is important for targeting control interventions at all intensities of transmission. Malaria ecology in Tanzania appears to have reduced over recent years. This study investigated potential risk factors and clustering in face of changing infection dynamics. METHODS: Household survey data were collected in villages of rural Muheza district. Children aged between six months and thirteen years were tested for presence of malaria parasites using microscopy. A multivariable logistic regression model was constructed to identify significant risk factors for children. Geographical information systems combined with global positioning data and spatial scan statistic analysis were used to identify clusters of malaria. RESULTS: Using an insecticide-treated mosquito net of any type proved to be highly protective against malaria (OR 0.75, 95% CI 0.59-0.96). Children aged five to thirteen years were at higher risk of having malaria than those aged under five years (OR 1.71, 95% CI 1.01-2.91). The odds of malaria were less for females when compared to males (OR 0.62, 95% CI 0.39-0.98). Two spatial clusters of significantly increased malaria risk were identified in two out of five villages. CONCLUSIONS: This study provides evidence that recent declines in malaria transmission and prevalence may shift the age groups at risk of malaria infection to older children. Risk factor analysis provides support for universal coverage and targeting of long-lasting insecticide-treated nets (LLINs) to all age groups. Clustering of cases indicates heterogeneity of risk. Improved targeting of LLINs or additional supplementary control interventions to high risk clusters may improve outcomes and efficiency as malaria transmission continues to fall under intensified control. BioMed Central 2011-04-20 /pmc/articles/PMC3094229/ /pubmed/21507217 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1475-2875-10-98 Text en Copyright ©2011 Winskill et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0 This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
spellingShingle Research
Winskill, Peter
Rowland, Mark
Mtove, George
Malima, Robert C
Kirby, Matthew J
Malaria risk factors in north-east Tanzania
title Malaria risk factors in north-east Tanzania
title_full Malaria risk factors in north-east Tanzania
title_fullStr Malaria risk factors in north-east Tanzania
title_full_unstemmed Malaria risk factors in north-east Tanzania
title_short Malaria risk factors in north-east Tanzania
title_sort malaria risk factors in north-east tanzania
topic Research
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3094229/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21507217
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1475-2875-10-98
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