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Mechanisms That Regulate Peripheral Immune Responses to Control Organ-Specific Autoimmunity
The immune system must balance the need to maintain a diverse repertoire of lymphocytes to be able to fight infection with the need to maintain tolerance to self-proteins. The immune system places strict regulation over the ability of T cells to produce the major T cell growth factor interleukin 2 a...
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Formato: | Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
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Hindawi Publishing Corporation
2011
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Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3095406/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21603204 http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2011/294968 |
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author | Hoyne, Gerard F. |
author_facet | Hoyne, Gerard F. |
author_sort | Hoyne, Gerard F. |
collection | PubMed |
description | The immune system must balance the need to maintain a diverse repertoire of lymphocytes to be able to fight infection with the need to maintain tolerance to self-proteins. The immune system places strict regulation over the ability of T cells to produce the major T cell growth factor interleukin 2 as this cytokine can influence a variety of immune outcomes. T cells require the delivery of two signals, one through the antigen receptor and a second through the costimulatory receptor CD28. The immune system uses a variety of E3 ubiquitin ligases to target signaling proteins that function downstream of the TCR and CD28 receptors. Mutations in these E3 ligases can lead to a breakdown in immune tolerance and development of autoimmunity. This paper will examine the role of a range of E3 ubiquitin ligases and signaling pathways that influence the development of T-cell effector responses and the development of organ-specific autoimmune diseases such as type 1 diabetes. |
format | Text |
id | pubmed-3095406 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2011 |
publisher | Hindawi Publishing Corporation |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-30954062011-05-20 Mechanisms That Regulate Peripheral Immune Responses to Control Organ-Specific Autoimmunity Hoyne, Gerard F. Clin Dev Immunol Review Article The immune system must balance the need to maintain a diverse repertoire of lymphocytes to be able to fight infection with the need to maintain tolerance to self-proteins. The immune system places strict regulation over the ability of T cells to produce the major T cell growth factor interleukin 2 as this cytokine can influence a variety of immune outcomes. T cells require the delivery of two signals, one through the antigen receptor and a second through the costimulatory receptor CD28. The immune system uses a variety of E3 ubiquitin ligases to target signaling proteins that function downstream of the TCR and CD28 receptors. Mutations in these E3 ligases can lead to a breakdown in immune tolerance and development of autoimmunity. This paper will examine the role of a range of E3 ubiquitin ligases and signaling pathways that influence the development of T-cell effector responses and the development of organ-specific autoimmune diseases such as type 1 diabetes. Hindawi Publishing Corporation 2011 2011-04-28 /pmc/articles/PMC3095406/ /pubmed/21603204 http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2011/294968 Text en Copyright © 2011 Gerard F. Hoyne. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. |
spellingShingle | Review Article Hoyne, Gerard F. Mechanisms That Regulate Peripheral Immune Responses to Control Organ-Specific Autoimmunity |
title | Mechanisms That Regulate Peripheral Immune Responses to Control Organ-Specific Autoimmunity |
title_full | Mechanisms That Regulate Peripheral Immune Responses to Control Organ-Specific Autoimmunity |
title_fullStr | Mechanisms That Regulate Peripheral Immune Responses to Control Organ-Specific Autoimmunity |
title_full_unstemmed | Mechanisms That Regulate Peripheral Immune Responses to Control Organ-Specific Autoimmunity |
title_short | Mechanisms That Regulate Peripheral Immune Responses to Control Organ-Specific Autoimmunity |
title_sort | mechanisms that regulate peripheral immune responses to control organ-specific autoimmunity |
topic | Review Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3095406/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21603204 http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2011/294968 |
work_keys_str_mv | AT hoynegerardf mechanismsthatregulateperipheralimmuneresponsestocontrolorganspecificautoimmunity |