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Intrinsic and Extrinsic Regulation of Innate Immune Receptors

Pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) in innate immune cells play a pivotal role in the first line of host defense system. PRRs recognize pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) or danger-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) to initiate and regulate innate and adaptive immune responses. PRRs...

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Autores principales: Jeong, Eunshil, Lee, Joo Young
Formato: Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Yonsei University College of Medicine 2011
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3101043/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21488180
http://dx.doi.org/10.3349/ymj.2011.52.3.379
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author Jeong, Eunshil
Lee, Joo Young
author_facet Jeong, Eunshil
Lee, Joo Young
author_sort Jeong, Eunshil
collection PubMed
description Pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) in innate immune cells play a pivotal role in the first line of host defense system. PRRs recognize pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) or danger-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) to initiate and regulate innate and adaptive immune responses. PRRs include Toll-like receptors (TLRs), RIG-I-like receptors (RLRs) and NOD-like receptors (NLRs), which have their own features in ligand recognition and cellular location. Activated PRRs deliver signals to adaptor molecules (MyD88, TRIF, MAL/TIRAP, TRAM, IPS-1) which act as important messengers to activate downstream kinases (IKK complex, MAPKs, TBK1, RIP-1) and transcription factors (NF-κB, AP-1, IRF3), which produce effecter molecules including cytokines, chemokines, inflammatory enzymes, and type I interferones. Since excessive PRR activation is closely linked to the development of chronic inflammatory diseases, the role of intrinsic and extrinsic regulators in the prevention of over- or unnecessary activation of PRRs has been widely studied. Intracellular regulators include MyD88s, SOCS1, TOLLIP, A20, and CYLD. Extrinsic regulators have also been identified with their molecular targets in PRR signaling pathways. TLR dimerization has been suggested as an inhibitory target for small molecules such as curcumin, cinnamaldehyde, and sulforaphane. TBK1 kinase can be a target for certain flavonoids such as EGCG, luteolin, quercetin, chrysin, and eriodictyol to regulate TRIF-dependent TLR pathways. This review focuses on the features of PRR signaling pathways and the therapeutic targets of intrinsic and extrinsic regulators in order to provide beneficial strategies for controlling the activity of PRRs and the related inflammatory diseases and immune disorders.
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spelling pubmed-31010432011-06-02 Intrinsic and Extrinsic Regulation of Innate Immune Receptors Jeong, Eunshil Lee, Joo Young Yonsei Med J Review Article Pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) in innate immune cells play a pivotal role in the first line of host defense system. PRRs recognize pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) or danger-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) to initiate and regulate innate and adaptive immune responses. PRRs include Toll-like receptors (TLRs), RIG-I-like receptors (RLRs) and NOD-like receptors (NLRs), which have their own features in ligand recognition and cellular location. Activated PRRs deliver signals to adaptor molecules (MyD88, TRIF, MAL/TIRAP, TRAM, IPS-1) which act as important messengers to activate downstream kinases (IKK complex, MAPKs, TBK1, RIP-1) and transcription factors (NF-κB, AP-1, IRF3), which produce effecter molecules including cytokines, chemokines, inflammatory enzymes, and type I interferones. Since excessive PRR activation is closely linked to the development of chronic inflammatory diseases, the role of intrinsic and extrinsic regulators in the prevention of over- or unnecessary activation of PRRs has been widely studied. Intracellular regulators include MyD88s, SOCS1, TOLLIP, A20, and CYLD. Extrinsic regulators have also been identified with their molecular targets in PRR signaling pathways. TLR dimerization has been suggested as an inhibitory target for small molecules such as curcumin, cinnamaldehyde, and sulforaphane. TBK1 kinase can be a target for certain flavonoids such as EGCG, luteolin, quercetin, chrysin, and eriodictyol to regulate TRIF-dependent TLR pathways. This review focuses on the features of PRR signaling pathways and the therapeutic targets of intrinsic and extrinsic regulators in order to provide beneficial strategies for controlling the activity of PRRs and the related inflammatory diseases and immune disorders. Yonsei University College of Medicine 2011-05-01 2011-04-06 /pmc/articles/PMC3101043/ /pubmed/21488180 http://dx.doi.org/10.3349/ymj.2011.52.3.379 Text en © Copyright: Yonsei University College of Medicine 2011 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0 This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
spellingShingle Review Article
Jeong, Eunshil
Lee, Joo Young
Intrinsic and Extrinsic Regulation of Innate Immune Receptors
title Intrinsic and Extrinsic Regulation of Innate Immune Receptors
title_full Intrinsic and Extrinsic Regulation of Innate Immune Receptors
title_fullStr Intrinsic and Extrinsic Regulation of Innate Immune Receptors
title_full_unstemmed Intrinsic and Extrinsic Regulation of Innate Immune Receptors
title_short Intrinsic and Extrinsic Regulation of Innate Immune Receptors
title_sort intrinsic and extrinsic regulation of innate immune receptors
topic Review Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3101043/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21488180
http://dx.doi.org/10.3349/ymj.2011.52.3.379
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