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Diversity in the Reproductive Modes of European Daphnia pulicaria Deviates from the Geographical Parthenogenesis
BACKGROUND: Multiple transitions to obligate parthenogenesis have occurred in the Daphnia pulex complex in North America. These newly formed asexual lineages are differentially distributed being found predominantly at high latitudes. This conforms to the rule of geographical parthenogenesis postulat...
Autores principales: | , , , , |
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Formato: | Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
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Public Library of Science
2011
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3104988/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21655327 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0020049 |
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author | Dufresne, France Marková, Silvia Vergilino, Roland Ventura, Marc Kotlík, Petr |
author_facet | Dufresne, France Marková, Silvia Vergilino, Roland Ventura, Marc Kotlík, Petr |
author_sort | Dufresne, France |
collection | PubMed |
description | BACKGROUND: Multiple transitions to obligate parthenogenesis have occurred in the Daphnia pulex complex in North America. These newly formed asexual lineages are differentially distributed being found predominantly at high latitudes. This conforms to the rule of geographical parthenogenesis postulating prevalence of asexuals at high latitudes and altitudes. While the reproductive mode of high-latitude populations is relatively well studied, little is known about the reproduction mode in high altitudes. This study aimed to assess the reproductive mode of Daphnia pulicaria, a species of the D. pulex complex, from high altitude lakes in Europe. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: Variation at eight microsatellite loci revealed that D. pulicaria from the High Tatra Mountains (HTM) had low genotype richness and showed excess of heterozygotes and significant deviations from Hardy-Weinberg expectations, and was thus congruent with reproduction by obligate parthenogenesis. By contrast, populations from the Pyrenees (Pyr) were generally in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium and had higher genotypic richness, suggesting that they are cyclic parthenogens. Four lakes from lowland areas (LLaP) had populations with an uncertain or mixed breeding mode. All D. pulicaria had mtDNA ND5 haplotypes of the European D. pulicaria lineage. Pyr were distinct from LLaP and HTM at the ND5 gene. By contrast, HTM shared two haplotypes with LLaP and one with Pyr. Principal Coordinate Analysis of the microsatellite data revealed clear genetic differentiation into three groups. HTM isolates were intermediate to Pyr and LLaP, congruent with a hybrid origin. CONCLUSION/SIGNIFICANCE: Inferred transitions to obligate parthenogenesis have occurred only in HTM, most likely as a result of hybridizations. In contrast to North American populations, these transitions do not appear to involve meiosis suppressor genes and have not been accompanied by polyploidy. The absence of obligate parthenogenesis in Pyr, an environment highly similar to the HTM, may be due to the lack of opportunities for hybridization. |
format | Text |
id | pubmed-3104988 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2011 |
publisher | Public Library of Science |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-31049882011-06-08 Diversity in the Reproductive Modes of European Daphnia pulicaria Deviates from the Geographical Parthenogenesis Dufresne, France Marková, Silvia Vergilino, Roland Ventura, Marc Kotlík, Petr PLoS One Research Article BACKGROUND: Multiple transitions to obligate parthenogenesis have occurred in the Daphnia pulex complex in North America. These newly formed asexual lineages are differentially distributed being found predominantly at high latitudes. This conforms to the rule of geographical parthenogenesis postulating prevalence of asexuals at high latitudes and altitudes. While the reproductive mode of high-latitude populations is relatively well studied, little is known about the reproduction mode in high altitudes. This study aimed to assess the reproductive mode of Daphnia pulicaria, a species of the D. pulex complex, from high altitude lakes in Europe. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: Variation at eight microsatellite loci revealed that D. pulicaria from the High Tatra Mountains (HTM) had low genotype richness and showed excess of heterozygotes and significant deviations from Hardy-Weinberg expectations, and was thus congruent with reproduction by obligate parthenogenesis. By contrast, populations from the Pyrenees (Pyr) were generally in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium and had higher genotypic richness, suggesting that they are cyclic parthenogens. Four lakes from lowland areas (LLaP) had populations with an uncertain or mixed breeding mode. All D. pulicaria had mtDNA ND5 haplotypes of the European D. pulicaria lineage. Pyr were distinct from LLaP and HTM at the ND5 gene. By contrast, HTM shared two haplotypes with LLaP and one with Pyr. Principal Coordinate Analysis of the microsatellite data revealed clear genetic differentiation into three groups. HTM isolates were intermediate to Pyr and LLaP, congruent with a hybrid origin. CONCLUSION/SIGNIFICANCE: Inferred transitions to obligate parthenogenesis have occurred only in HTM, most likely as a result of hybridizations. In contrast to North American populations, these transitions do not appear to involve meiosis suppressor genes and have not been accompanied by polyploidy. The absence of obligate parthenogenesis in Pyr, an environment highly similar to the HTM, may be due to the lack of opportunities for hybridization. Public Library of Science 2011-05-31 /pmc/articles/PMC3104988/ /pubmed/21655327 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0020049 Text en Dufresne et al. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are properly credited. |
spellingShingle | Research Article Dufresne, France Marková, Silvia Vergilino, Roland Ventura, Marc Kotlík, Petr Diversity in the Reproductive Modes of European Daphnia pulicaria Deviates from the Geographical Parthenogenesis |
title | Diversity in the Reproductive Modes of European Daphnia pulicaria Deviates from the Geographical Parthenogenesis |
title_full | Diversity in the Reproductive Modes of European Daphnia pulicaria Deviates from the Geographical Parthenogenesis |
title_fullStr | Diversity in the Reproductive Modes of European Daphnia pulicaria Deviates from the Geographical Parthenogenesis |
title_full_unstemmed | Diversity in the Reproductive Modes of European Daphnia pulicaria Deviates from the Geographical Parthenogenesis |
title_short | Diversity in the Reproductive Modes of European Daphnia pulicaria Deviates from the Geographical Parthenogenesis |
title_sort | diversity in the reproductive modes of european daphnia pulicaria deviates from the geographical parthenogenesis |
topic | Research Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3104988/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21655327 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0020049 |
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