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Evagination of Cells Controls Bio-Silica Formation and Maturation during Spicule Formation in Sponges

The enzymatic-silicatein mediated formation of the skeletal elements, the spicules of siliceous sponges starts intracellularly and is completed extracellularly. With Suberites domuncula we show that the axial growth of the spicules proceeds in three phases: (I) formation of an axial canal; (II) evag...

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Autores principales: Wang, Xiaohong, Wiens, Matthias, Schröder, Heinz C., Schloßmacher, Ute, Pisignano, Dario, Jochum, Klaus Peter, Müller, Werner E. G.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Public Library of Science 2011
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3107217/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21655099
http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0020523
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author Wang, Xiaohong
Wiens, Matthias
Schröder, Heinz C.
Schloßmacher, Ute
Pisignano, Dario
Jochum, Klaus Peter
Müller, Werner E. G.
author_facet Wang, Xiaohong
Wiens, Matthias
Schröder, Heinz C.
Schloßmacher, Ute
Pisignano, Dario
Jochum, Klaus Peter
Müller, Werner E. G.
author_sort Wang, Xiaohong
collection PubMed
description The enzymatic-silicatein mediated formation of the skeletal elements, the spicules of siliceous sponges starts intracellularly and is completed extracellularly. With Suberites domuncula we show that the axial growth of the spicules proceeds in three phases: (I) formation of an axial canal; (II) evagination of a cell process into the axial canal, and (III) assembly of the axial filament composed of silicatein. During these phases the core part of the spicule is synthesized. Silicatein and its substrate silicate are stored in silicasomes, found both inside and outside of the cellular extension within the axial canal, as well as all around the spicule. The membranes of the silicasomes are interspersed by pores of ≈2 nm that are likely associated with aquaporin channels which are implicated in the hardening of the initial bio-silica products formed by silicatein. We can summarize the sequence of events that govern spicule formation as follows: differential genetic readout (of silicatein) → fractal association of the silicateins → evagination of cells by hydro-mechanical forces into the axial canal → and finally processive bio-silica polycondensation around the axial canal. We termed this process, occurring sequentially or in parallel, bio-inorganic self-organization.
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spelling pubmed-31072172011-06-08 Evagination of Cells Controls Bio-Silica Formation and Maturation during Spicule Formation in Sponges Wang, Xiaohong Wiens, Matthias Schröder, Heinz C. Schloßmacher, Ute Pisignano, Dario Jochum, Klaus Peter Müller, Werner E. G. PLoS One Research Article The enzymatic-silicatein mediated formation of the skeletal elements, the spicules of siliceous sponges starts intracellularly and is completed extracellularly. With Suberites domuncula we show that the axial growth of the spicules proceeds in three phases: (I) formation of an axial canal; (II) evagination of a cell process into the axial canal, and (III) assembly of the axial filament composed of silicatein. During these phases the core part of the spicule is synthesized. Silicatein and its substrate silicate are stored in silicasomes, found both inside and outside of the cellular extension within the axial canal, as well as all around the spicule. The membranes of the silicasomes are interspersed by pores of ≈2 nm that are likely associated with aquaporin channels which are implicated in the hardening of the initial bio-silica products formed by silicatein. We can summarize the sequence of events that govern spicule formation as follows: differential genetic readout (of silicatein) → fractal association of the silicateins → evagination of cells by hydro-mechanical forces into the axial canal → and finally processive bio-silica polycondensation around the axial canal. We termed this process, occurring sequentially or in parallel, bio-inorganic self-organization. Public Library of Science 2011-06-02 /pmc/articles/PMC3107217/ /pubmed/21655099 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0020523 Text en Wang et al. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are properly credited.
spellingShingle Research Article
Wang, Xiaohong
Wiens, Matthias
Schröder, Heinz C.
Schloßmacher, Ute
Pisignano, Dario
Jochum, Klaus Peter
Müller, Werner E. G.
Evagination of Cells Controls Bio-Silica Formation and Maturation during Spicule Formation in Sponges
title Evagination of Cells Controls Bio-Silica Formation and Maturation during Spicule Formation in Sponges
title_full Evagination of Cells Controls Bio-Silica Formation and Maturation during Spicule Formation in Sponges
title_fullStr Evagination of Cells Controls Bio-Silica Formation and Maturation during Spicule Formation in Sponges
title_full_unstemmed Evagination of Cells Controls Bio-Silica Formation and Maturation during Spicule Formation in Sponges
title_short Evagination of Cells Controls Bio-Silica Formation and Maturation during Spicule Formation in Sponges
title_sort evagination of cells controls bio-silica formation and maturation during spicule formation in sponges
topic Research Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3107217/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21655099
http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0020523
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