Clinical and laboratory profile of patients with TB/HIV coinfection: A case series of 50 patients

BACKGROUND: Tuberculosis (TB) is said to be one of the commonest opportunistic infection in patients with HIV/AIDS. OBJECTIVE: To study the clinical and laboratory profile of patients with HIV/TB coinfection. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Fifty adult TB patients having confirmed HIV seropositivity were included in randomized manner. A detailed history and thorough physical examination was done. Laboratory and radiological investigations were carried out as appropriately warranted. RESULTS: Most of the patients were farm workers (30%) followed by manual laborers (22%) and transport drivers (16%). Heterosexual route was found in 86% of patients. Cough was present in 94% while fever and weight loss in 86% and 78% of patients, respectively. Out of 50 patients, 40% had only pulmonary TB (PTB), 46% had pulmonary and extra-pulmonary TB (EPTB), 10% had only EPTB and 4% had multisystemic EPTB. Mediastinal lymphadenopathy was present in 34% while pleural effusion and extra-thoracic lymph nodes was present in 20% and 18% of patients, respectively. Positive smear for acid-fast bacilli (AFB) was found in 25.58% while positive Mantoux test was found in 32.14% of patients. CONCLUSION: HIV/TB coinfection is more common in sexually active age group and commonest mode of HIV infection is heterosexual transfer. Sputum smear AFB and Mantoux test positivity is low in TB patients having HIV. Disseminated TB is common in HIV. Mediastinal lymphadenopathy is common site among extra-pulmonary tuberculosis.