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Intensity and Inhalation of Smoking in the Aetiology of Laryngeal Cancer
The carcinogenic effect of smoking on laryngeal cancer is well established; however, the risk pattern for detailed smoking characteristics is less clear. Thus, the aim of this analysis was to quantify the impact of different inhalation behaviours on the risk of laryngeal cancer. We conducted a popul...
Autores principales: | , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Molecular Diversity Preservation International (MDPI)
2011
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3118874/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21695025 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph8040976 |
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author | Ramroth, Heribert Dietz, Andreas Becher, Heiko |
author_facet | Ramroth, Heribert Dietz, Andreas Becher, Heiko |
author_sort | Ramroth, Heribert |
collection | PubMed |
description | The carcinogenic effect of smoking on laryngeal cancer is well established; however, the risk pattern for detailed smoking characteristics is less clear. Thus, the aim of this analysis was to quantify the impact of different inhalation behaviours on the risk of laryngeal cancer. We conducted a population-based case control study in Germany, frequency-matched for sex and age, using a standardized questionnaire covering lifelong smoking details, including age at start, time since quitting, types of smoking products, duration, intensity and inhalation behaviour. We found higher risks for increasing duration and intensity of smoking. A clear dose-response relationship was found in all inhalation subgroups, i.e., not only for deep inhalers, but also for those puffing on a cigarette. Clearly reduced risks could be observed for quitting smoking. Changing inhalation habits might be considered as a first step to reducing the risk of developing laryngeal cancer. However, the best way to effectively reduce laryngeal cancer risk is to quit smoking. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-3118874 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2011 |
publisher | Molecular Diversity Preservation International (MDPI) |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-31188742011-06-21 Intensity and Inhalation of Smoking in the Aetiology of Laryngeal Cancer Ramroth, Heribert Dietz, Andreas Becher, Heiko Int J Environ Res Public Health Article The carcinogenic effect of smoking on laryngeal cancer is well established; however, the risk pattern for detailed smoking characteristics is less clear. Thus, the aim of this analysis was to quantify the impact of different inhalation behaviours on the risk of laryngeal cancer. We conducted a population-based case control study in Germany, frequency-matched for sex and age, using a standardized questionnaire covering lifelong smoking details, including age at start, time since quitting, types of smoking products, duration, intensity and inhalation behaviour. We found higher risks for increasing duration and intensity of smoking. A clear dose-response relationship was found in all inhalation subgroups, i.e., not only for deep inhalers, but also for those puffing on a cigarette. Clearly reduced risks could be observed for quitting smoking. Changing inhalation habits might be considered as a first step to reducing the risk of developing laryngeal cancer. However, the best way to effectively reduce laryngeal cancer risk is to quit smoking. Molecular Diversity Preservation International (MDPI) 2011-04 2011-04-01 /pmc/articles/PMC3118874/ /pubmed/21695025 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph8040976 Text en © 2011 by the authors; licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0 This article is an open-access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Ramroth, Heribert Dietz, Andreas Becher, Heiko Intensity and Inhalation of Smoking in the Aetiology of Laryngeal Cancer |
title | Intensity and Inhalation of Smoking in the Aetiology of Laryngeal Cancer |
title_full | Intensity and Inhalation of Smoking in the Aetiology of Laryngeal Cancer |
title_fullStr | Intensity and Inhalation of Smoking in the Aetiology of Laryngeal Cancer |
title_full_unstemmed | Intensity and Inhalation of Smoking in the Aetiology of Laryngeal Cancer |
title_short | Intensity and Inhalation of Smoking in the Aetiology of Laryngeal Cancer |
title_sort | intensity and inhalation of smoking in the aetiology of laryngeal cancer |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3118874/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21695025 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph8040976 |
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