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Soil Microbial Responses to Elevated CO(2) and O(3) in a Nitrogen-Aggrading Agroecosystem

Climate change factors such as elevated atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO(2)) and ozone (O(3)) can exert significant impacts on soil microbes and the ecosystem level processes they mediate. However, the underlying mechanisms by which soil microbes respond to these environmental changes remain poorly un...

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Autores principales: Cheng, Lei, Booker, Fitzgerald L., Burkey, Kent O., Tu, Cong, Shew, H. David, Rufty, Thomas W., Fiscus, Edwin L., Deforest, Jared L., Hu, Shuijin
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Public Library of Science 2011
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3120872/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21731722
http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0021377
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author Cheng, Lei
Booker, Fitzgerald L.
Burkey, Kent O.
Tu, Cong
Shew, H. David
Rufty, Thomas W.
Fiscus, Edwin L.
Deforest, Jared L.
Hu, Shuijin
author_facet Cheng, Lei
Booker, Fitzgerald L.
Burkey, Kent O.
Tu, Cong
Shew, H. David
Rufty, Thomas W.
Fiscus, Edwin L.
Deforest, Jared L.
Hu, Shuijin
author_sort Cheng, Lei
collection PubMed
description Climate change factors such as elevated atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO(2)) and ozone (O(3)) can exert significant impacts on soil microbes and the ecosystem level processes they mediate. However, the underlying mechanisms by which soil microbes respond to these environmental changes remain poorly understood. The prevailing hypothesis, which states that CO(2)- or O(3)-induced changes in carbon (C) availability dominate microbial responses, is primarily based on results from nitrogen (N)-limiting forests and grasslands. It remains largely unexplored how soil microbes respond to elevated CO(2) and O(3) in N-rich or N-aggrading systems, which severely hinders our ability to predict the long-term soil C dynamics in agroecosystems. Using a long-term field study conducted in a no-till wheat-soybean rotation system with open-top chambers, we showed that elevated CO(2) but not O(3) had a potent influence on soil microbes. Elevated CO(2) (1.5×ambient) significantly increased, while O(3) (1.4×ambient) reduced, aboveground (and presumably belowground) plant residue C and N inputs to soil. However, only elevated CO(2) significantly affected soil microbial biomass, activities (namely heterotrophic respiration) and community composition. The enhancement of microbial biomass and activities by elevated CO(2) largely occurred in the third and fourth years of the experiment and coincided with increased soil N availability, likely due to CO(2)-stimulation of symbiotic N(2) fixation in soybean. Fungal biomass and the fungi∶bacteria ratio decreased under both ambient and elevated CO(2) by the third year and also coincided with increased soil N availability; but they were significantly higher under elevated than ambient CO(2). These results suggest that more attention should be directed towards assessing the impact of N availability on microbial activities and decomposition in projections of soil organic C balance in N-rich systems under future CO(2) scenarios.
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spelling pubmed-31208722011-06-30 Soil Microbial Responses to Elevated CO(2) and O(3) in a Nitrogen-Aggrading Agroecosystem Cheng, Lei Booker, Fitzgerald L. Burkey, Kent O. Tu, Cong Shew, H. David Rufty, Thomas W. Fiscus, Edwin L. Deforest, Jared L. Hu, Shuijin PLoS One Research Article Climate change factors such as elevated atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO(2)) and ozone (O(3)) can exert significant impacts on soil microbes and the ecosystem level processes they mediate. However, the underlying mechanisms by which soil microbes respond to these environmental changes remain poorly understood. The prevailing hypothesis, which states that CO(2)- or O(3)-induced changes in carbon (C) availability dominate microbial responses, is primarily based on results from nitrogen (N)-limiting forests and grasslands. It remains largely unexplored how soil microbes respond to elevated CO(2) and O(3) in N-rich or N-aggrading systems, which severely hinders our ability to predict the long-term soil C dynamics in agroecosystems. Using a long-term field study conducted in a no-till wheat-soybean rotation system with open-top chambers, we showed that elevated CO(2) but not O(3) had a potent influence on soil microbes. Elevated CO(2) (1.5×ambient) significantly increased, while O(3) (1.4×ambient) reduced, aboveground (and presumably belowground) plant residue C and N inputs to soil. However, only elevated CO(2) significantly affected soil microbial biomass, activities (namely heterotrophic respiration) and community composition. The enhancement of microbial biomass and activities by elevated CO(2) largely occurred in the third and fourth years of the experiment and coincided with increased soil N availability, likely due to CO(2)-stimulation of symbiotic N(2) fixation in soybean. Fungal biomass and the fungi∶bacteria ratio decreased under both ambient and elevated CO(2) by the third year and also coincided with increased soil N availability; but they were significantly higher under elevated than ambient CO(2). These results suggest that more attention should be directed towards assessing the impact of N availability on microbial activities and decomposition in projections of soil organic C balance in N-rich systems under future CO(2) scenarios. Public Library of Science 2011-06-22 /pmc/articles/PMC3120872/ /pubmed/21731722 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0021377 Text en This is an open-access article, free of all copyright, and may be freely reproduced, distributed, transmitted, modified, built upon, or otherwise used by anyone for any lawful purpose. The work is made available under the Creative Commons CC0 public domain dedication. https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Public Domain declaration, which stipulates that, once placed in the public domain, this work may be freely reproduced, distributed, transmitted, modified, built upon, or otherwise used by anyone for any lawful purpose.
spellingShingle Research Article
Cheng, Lei
Booker, Fitzgerald L.
Burkey, Kent O.
Tu, Cong
Shew, H. David
Rufty, Thomas W.
Fiscus, Edwin L.
Deforest, Jared L.
Hu, Shuijin
Soil Microbial Responses to Elevated CO(2) and O(3) in a Nitrogen-Aggrading Agroecosystem
title Soil Microbial Responses to Elevated CO(2) and O(3) in a Nitrogen-Aggrading Agroecosystem
title_full Soil Microbial Responses to Elevated CO(2) and O(3) in a Nitrogen-Aggrading Agroecosystem
title_fullStr Soil Microbial Responses to Elevated CO(2) and O(3) in a Nitrogen-Aggrading Agroecosystem
title_full_unstemmed Soil Microbial Responses to Elevated CO(2) and O(3) in a Nitrogen-Aggrading Agroecosystem
title_short Soil Microbial Responses to Elevated CO(2) and O(3) in a Nitrogen-Aggrading Agroecosystem
title_sort soil microbial responses to elevated co(2) and o(3) in a nitrogen-aggrading agroecosystem
topic Research Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3120872/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21731722
http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0021377
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