New approach to modulate retinal cellular toxic effects of high glucose using marine epa and dha

BACKGROUND: Protective effects of omega-3 fatty acids against cellular damages of high glucose were studied on retinal pigmented epithelial (RPE) cells. METHODS: Retinal epithelial cells were incubated with omega-3 marine oils rich in EPA and DHA and then with high glucose (25 mM) for 48 hours. Cellular responses were compared to normal glucose (5 mM): intracellular redox status, reactive oxygen species (ROS), mitochondrial succinate deshydrogenase activity, inflammatory cytokines release and caveolin-1 expression were evaluated using microplate cytometry, ELISA and flow cytometry techniques. Fatty acids incorporation in retinal cell membranes was analysed using chromatography. RESULTS: Preincubation of the cells with fish oil decreased ROS overproduction, mitochondrial alterations and TNFα release. These protective effects could be attributed to an increase in caveolin-1 expression induced by marine oil. CONCLUSION: Marine formulations rich in omega-3 fatty acids represent a promising therapeutic approach for diabetic retinopathy.