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Complex Odor from Plants under Attack: Herbivore's Enemies React to the Whole, Not Its Parts

BACKGROUND: Insect herbivory induces plant odors that attract herbivores' natural enemies. Assuming this attraction emerges from individual compounds, genetic control over odor emission of crops may provide a rationale for manipulating the distribution of predators used for pest control. Howeve...

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Autores principales: van Wijk, Michiel, de Bruijn, Paulien J. A., Sabelis, Maurice W.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Public Library of Science 2011
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3135591/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21765908
http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0021742
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author van Wijk, Michiel
de Bruijn, Paulien J. A.
Sabelis, Maurice W.
author_facet van Wijk, Michiel
de Bruijn, Paulien J. A.
Sabelis, Maurice W.
author_sort van Wijk, Michiel
collection PubMed
description BACKGROUND: Insect herbivory induces plant odors that attract herbivores' natural enemies. Assuming this attraction emerges from individual compounds, genetic control over odor emission of crops may provide a rationale for manipulating the distribution of predators used for pest control. However, studies on odor perception in vertebrates and invertebrates suggest that olfactory information processing of mixtures results in odor percepts that are a synthetic whole and not a set of components that could function as recognizable individual attractants. Here, we ask if predators respond to herbivore-induced attractants in odor mixtures or to odor mixture as a whole. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: We studied a system consisting of Lima bean, the herbivorous mite Tetranychus urticae and the predatory mite Phytoseiulus persimilis. We found that four herbivore-induced bean volatiles are not attractive in pure form while a fifth, methyl salicylate (MeSA), is. Several reduced mixtures deficient in one component compared to the full spider-mite induced blend were not attractive despite the presence of MeSA indicating that the predators cannot detect this component in these odor mixtures. A mixture of all five HIPV is most attractive, when offered together with the non-induced odor of Lima bean. Odors that elicit no response in their pure form were essential components of the attractive mixture. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: We conclude that the predatory mites perceive odors as a synthetic whole and that the hypothesis that predatory mites recognize attractive HIPV in odor mixtures is unsupported.
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spelling pubmed-31355912011-07-15 Complex Odor from Plants under Attack: Herbivore's Enemies React to the Whole, Not Its Parts van Wijk, Michiel de Bruijn, Paulien J. A. Sabelis, Maurice W. PLoS One Research Article BACKGROUND: Insect herbivory induces plant odors that attract herbivores' natural enemies. Assuming this attraction emerges from individual compounds, genetic control over odor emission of crops may provide a rationale for manipulating the distribution of predators used for pest control. However, studies on odor perception in vertebrates and invertebrates suggest that olfactory information processing of mixtures results in odor percepts that are a synthetic whole and not a set of components that could function as recognizable individual attractants. Here, we ask if predators respond to herbivore-induced attractants in odor mixtures or to odor mixture as a whole. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: We studied a system consisting of Lima bean, the herbivorous mite Tetranychus urticae and the predatory mite Phytoseiulus persimilis. We found that four herbivore-induced bean volatiles are not attractive in pure form while a fifth, methyl salicylate (MeSA), is. Several reduced mixtures deficient in one component compared to the full spider-mite induced blend were not attractive despite the presence of MeSA indicating that the predators cannot detect this component in these odor mixtures. A mixture of all five HIPV is most attractive, when offered together with the non-induced odor of Lima bean. Odors that elicit no response in their pure form were essential components of the attractive mixture. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: We conclude that the predatory mites perceive odors as a synthetic whole and that the hypothesis that predatory mites recognize attractive HIPV in odor mixtures is unsupported. Public Library of Science 2011-07-13 /pmc/articles/PMC3135591/ /pubmed/21765908 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0021742 Text en van Wijk et al. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are properly credited.
spellingShingle Research Article
van Wijk, Michiel
de Bruijn, Paulien J. A.
Sabelis, Maurice W.
Complex Odor from Plants under Attack: Herbivore's Enemies React to the Whole, Not Its Parts
title Complex Odor from Plants under Attack: Herbivore's Enemies React to the Whole, Not Its Parts
title_full Complex Odor from Plants under Attack: Herbivore's Enemies React to the Whole, Not Its Parts
title_fullStr Complex Odor from Plants under Attack: Herbivore's Enemies React to the Whole, Not Its Parts
title_full_unstemmed Complex Odor from Plants under Attack: Herbivore's Enemies React to the Whole, Not Its Parts
title_short Complex Odor from Plants under Attack: Herbivore's Enemies React to the Whole, Not Its Parts
title_sort complex odor from plants under attack: herbivore's enemies react to the whole, not its parts
topic Research Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3135591/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21765908
http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0021742
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