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Biphasic Oxidation of Oxy-Hemoglobin in Bloodstains

BACKGROUND: In forensic science, age determination of bloodstains can be crucial in reconstructing crimes. Upon exiting the body, bloodstains transit from bright red to dark brown, which is attributed to oxidation of oxy-hemoglobin (HbO(2)) to met-hemoglobin (met-Hb) and hemichrome (HC). The fractio...

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Autores principales: Bremmer, Rolf H., de Bruin, Daniel M., de Joode, Maarten, Buma, Wybren Jan, van Leeuwen, Ton G., Aalders, Maurice C. G.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Public Library of Science 2011
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3137592/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21789186
http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0021845
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author Bremmer, Rolf H.
de Bruin, Daniel M.
de Joode, Maarten
Buma, Wybren Jan
van Leeuwen, Ton G.
Aalders, Maurice C. G.
author_facet Bremmer, Rolf H.
de Bruin, Daniel M.
de Joode, Maarten
Buma, Wybren Jan
van Leeuwen, Ton G.
Aalders, Maurice C. G.
author_sort Bremmer, Rolf H.
collection PubMed
description BACKGROUND: In forensic science, age determination of bloodstains can be crucial in reconstructing crimes. Upon exiting the body, bloodstains transit from bright red to dark brown, which is attributed to oxidation of oxy-hemoglobin (HbO(2)) to met-hemoglobin (met-Hb) and hemichrome (HC). The fractions of HbO(2), met-Hb and HC in a bloodstain can be used for age determination of bloodstains. In this study, we further analyze the conversion of HbO(2) to met-Hb and HC, and determine the effect of temperature and humidity on the conversion rates. METHODOLOGY: The fractions of HbO(2), met-Hb and HC in a bloodstain, as determined by quantitative analysis of optical reflectance spectra (450–800 nm), were measured as function of age, temperature and humidity. Additionally, Optical Coherence Tomography around 1300 nm was used to confirm quantitative spectral analysis approach. CONCLUSIONS: The oxidation rate of HbO(2) in bloodstains is biphasic. At first, the oxidation of HbO(2) is rapid, but slows down after a few hours. These oxidation rates are strongly temperature dependent. However, the oxidation of HbO(2) seems to be independent of humidity, whereas the transition of met-Hb into HC strongly depends on humidity. Knowledge of these decay rates is indispensable for translating laboratory results into forensic practice, and to enable bloodstain age determination on the crime scene.
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spelling pubmed-31375922011-07-25 Biphasic Oxidation of Oxy-Hemoglobin in Bloodstains Bremmer, Rolf H. de Bruin, Daniel M. de Joode, Maarten Buma, Wybren Jan van Leeuwen, Ton G. Aalders, Maurice C. G. PLoS One Research Article BACKGROUND: In forensic science, age determination of bloodstains can be crucial in reconstructing crimes. Upon exiting the body, bloodstains transit from bright red to dark brown, which is attributed to oxidation of oxy-hemoglobin (HbO(2)) to met-hemoglobin (met-Hb) and hemichrome (HC). The fractions of HbO(2), met-Hb and HC in a bloodstain can be used for age determination of bloodstains. In this study, we further analyze the conversion of HbO(2) to met-Hb and HC, and determine the effect of temperature and humidity on the conversion rates. METHODOLOGY: The fractions of HbO(2), met-Hb and HC in a bloodstain, as determined by quantitative analysis of optical reflectance spectra (450–800 nm), were measured as function of age, temperature and humidity. Additionally, Optical Coherence Tomography around 1300 nm was used to confirm quantitative spectral analysis approach. CONCLUSIONS: The oxidation rate of HbO(2) in bloodstains is biphasic. At first, the oxidation of HbO(2) is rapid, but slows down after a few hours. These oxidation rates are strongly temperature dependent. However, the oxidation of HbO(2) seems to be independent of humidity, whereas the transition of met-Hb into HC strongly depends on humidity. Knowledge of these decay rates is indispensable for translating laboratory results into forensic practice, and to enable bloodstain age determination on the crime scene. Public Library of Science 2011-07-15 /pmc/articles/PMC3137592/ /pubmed/21789186 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0021845 Text en Bremmer et al. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are properly credited.
spellingShingle Research Article
Bremmer, Rolf H.
de Bruin, Daniel M.
de Joode, Maarten
Buma, Wybren Jan
van Leeuwen, Ton G.
Aalders, Maurice C. G.
Biphasic Oxidation of Oxy-Hemoglobin in Bloodstains
title Biphasic Oxidation of Oxy-Hemoglobin in Bloodstains
title_full Biphasic Oxidation of Oxy-Hemoglobin in Bloodstains
title_fullStr Biphasic Oxidation of Oxy-Hemoglobin in Bloodstains
title_full_unstemmed Biphasic Oxidation of Oxy-Hemoglobin in Bloodstains
title_short Biphasic Oxidation of Oxy-Hemoglobin in Bloodstains
title_sort biphasic oxidation of oxy-hemoglobin in bloodstains
topic Research Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3137592/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21789186
http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0021845
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