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Discovery of a small arterivirus gene that overlaps the GP5 coding sequence and is important for virus production

The arterivirus family (order Nidovirales) of single-stranded, positive-sense RNA viruses includes porcine respiratory and reproductive syndrome virus and equine arteritis virus (EAV). Their replicative enzymes are translated from their genomic RNA, while their seven structural proteins are encoded...

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Autores principales: Firth, Andrew E., Zevenhoven-Dobbe, Jessika C., Wills, Norma M., Go, Yun Young, Balasuriya, Udeni B. R., Atkins, John F., Snijder, Eric J., Posthuma, Clara C.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Society for General Microbiology 2011
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3139419/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21307223
http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/vir.0.029264-0
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author Firth, Andrew E.
Zevenhoven-Dobbe, Jessika C.
Wills, Norma M.
Go, Yun Young
Balasuriya, Udeni B. R.
Atkins, John F.
Snijder, Eric J.
Posthuma, Clara C.
author_facet Firth, Andrew E.
Zevenhoven-Dobbe, Jessika C.
Wills, Norma M.
Go, Yun Young
Balasuriya, Udeni B. R.
Atkins, John F.
Snijder, Eric J.
Posthuma, Clara C.
author_sort Firth, Andrew E.
collection PubMed
description The arterivirus family (order Nidovirales) of single-stranded, positive-sense RNA viruses includes porcine respiratory and reproductive syndrome virus and equine arteritis virus (EAV). Their replicative enzymes are translated from their genomic RNA, while their seven structural proteins are encoded by a set of small, partially overlapping genes in the genomic 3′-proximal region. The latter are expressed via synthesis of a set of subgenomic mRNAs that, in general, are functionally monocistronic (except for a bicistronic mRNA encoding the E and GP2 proteins). ORF5, which encodes the major glycoprotein GP5, has been used extensively for phylogenetic analyses. However, an in-depth computational analysis now reveals the arterivirus-wide conservation of an additional AUG-initiated ORF, here termed ORF5a, that overlaps the 5′ end of ORF5. The pattern of substitutions across sequence alignments indicated that ORF5a is subject to functional constraints at the amino acid level, while an analysis of substitutions at synonymous sites in ORF5 revealed a greatly reduced frequency of substitution in the portion of ORF5 that is overlapped by ORF5a. The 43–64 aa ORF5a protein and GP5 are probably expressed from the same subgenomic mRNA, via a translation initiation mechanism involving leaky ribosomal scanning. Inactivation of ORF5a expression by reverse genetics yielded a severely crippled EAV mutant, which displayed lower titres and a tiny plaque phenotype. These defects, which could be partially complemented in ORF5a-expressing cells, indicate that the novel protein, which may be the eighth structural protein of arteriviruses, is expressed and important for arterivirus infection.
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spelling pubmed-31394192012-05-01 Discovery of a small arterivirus gene that overlaps the GP5 coding sequence and is important for virus production Firth, Andrew E. Zevenhoven-Dobbe, Jessika C. Wills, Norma M. Go, Yun Young Balasuriya, Udeni B. R. Atkins, John F. Snijder, Eric J. Posthuma, Clara C. J Gen Virol Animal The arterivirus family (order Nidovirales) of single-stranded, positive-sense RNA viruses includes porcine respiratory and reproductive syndrome virus and equine arteritis virus (EAV). Their replicative enzymes are translated from their genomic RNA, while their seven structural proteins are encoded by a set of small, partially overlapping genes in the genomic 3′-proximal region. The latter are expressed via synthesis of a set of subgenomic mRNAs that, in general, are functionally monocistronic (except for a bicistronic mRNA encoding the E and GP2 proteins). ORF5, which encodes the major glycoprotein GP5, has been used extensively for phylogenetic analyses. However, an in-depth computational analysis now reveals the arterivirus-wide conservation of an additional AUG-initiated ORF, here termed ORF5a, that overlaps the 5′ end of ORF5. The pattern of substitutions across sequence alignments indicated that ORF5a is subject to functional constraints at the amino acid level, while an analysis of substitutions at synonymous sites in ORF5 revealed a greatly reduced frequency of substitution in the portion of ORF5 that is overlapped by ORF5a. The 43–64 aa ORF5a protein and GP5 are probably expressed from the same subgenomic mRNA, via a translation initiation mechanism involving leaky ribosomal scanning. Inactivation of ORF5a expression by reverse genetics yielded a severely crippled EAV mutant, which displayed lower titres and a tiny plaque phenotype. These defects, which could be partially complemented in ORF5a-expressing cells, indicate that the novel protein, which may be the eighth structural protein of arteriviruses, is expressed and important for arterivirus infection. Society for General Microbiology 2011-05 /pmc/articles/PMC3139419/ /pubmed/21307223 http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/vir.0.029264-0 Text en http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.5/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
spellingShingle Animal
Firth, Andrew E.
Zevenhoven-Dobbe, Jessika C.
Wills, Norma M.
Go, Yun Young
Balasuriya, Udeni B. R.
Atkins, John F.
Snijder, Eric J.
Posthuma, Clara C.
Discovery of a small arterivirus gene that overlaps the GP5 coding sequence and is important for virus production
title Discovery of a small arterivirus gene that overlaps the GP5 coding sequence and is important for virus production
title_full Discovery of a small arterivirus gene that overlaps the GP5 coding sequence and is important for virus production
title_fullStr Discovery of a small arterivirus gene that overlaps the GP5 coding sequence and is important for virus production
title_full_unstemmed Discovery of a small arterivirus gene that overlaps the GP5 coding sequence and is important for virus production
title_short Discovery of a small arterivirus gene that overlaps the GP5 coding sequence and is important for virus production
title_sort discovery of a small arterivirus gene that overlaps the gp5 coding sequence and is important for virus production
topic Animal
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3139419/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21307223
http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/vir.0.029264-0
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