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Progressive Reduction of its Expression in Rods Reveals Two Pools of Arrestin-1 in the Outer Segment with Different Roles in Photoresponse Recovery
Light-induced rhodopsin signaling is turned off with sub-second kinetics by rhodopsin phosphorylation followed by arrestin-1 binding. To test the availability of the arrestin-1 pool in dark-adapted outer segment (OS) for rhodopsin shutoff, we measured photoresponse recovery rates of mice with arrest...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Public Library of Science
2011
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3144249/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21818392 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0022797 |
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author | Cleghorn, Whitney M. Tsakem, Elviche L. Song, Xiufeng Vishnivetskiy, Sergey A. Seo, Jungwon Chen, Jeannie Gurevich, Eugenia V. Gurevich, Vsevolod V. |
author_facet | Cleghorn, Whitney M. Tsakem, Elviche L. Song, Xiufeng Vishnivetskiy, Sergey A. Seo, Jungwon Chen, Jeannie Gurevich, Eugenia V. Gurevich, Vsevolod V. |
author_sort | Cleghorn, Whitney M. |
collection | PubMed |
description | Light-induced rhodopsin signaling is turned off with sub-second kinetics by rhodopsin phosphorylation followed by arrestin-1 binding. To test the availability of the arrestin-1 pool in dark-adapted outer segment (OS) for rhodopsin shutoff, we measured photoresponse recovery rates of mice with arrestin-1 content in the OS of 2.5%, 5%, 60%, and 100% of wild type (WT) level by two-flash ERG with the first (desensitizing) flash at 160, 400, 1000, and 2500 photons/rod. The time of half recovery (t(half)) in WT retinas increases with the intensity of the initial flash, becoming ∼2.5-fold longer upon activation of 2500 than after 160 rhodopsins/rod. Mice with 60% and even 5% of WT arrestin-1 level recovered at WT rates. In contrast, the mice with 2.5% of WT arrestin-1 had a dramatically slower recovery than the other three lines, with the t(half) increasing ∼28 fold between 160 and 2500 rhodopsins/rod. Even after the dimmest flash, the rate of recovery of rods with 2.5% of normal arrestin-1 was two times slower than in other lines, indicating that arrestin-1 level in the OS between 100% and 5% of WT is sufficient for rapid recovery, whereas with lower arrestin-1 the rate of recovery dramatically decreases with increased light intensity. Thus, the OS has two distinct pools of arrestin-1: cytoplasmic and a separate pool comprising ∼2.5% that is not immediately available for rhodopsin quenching. The observed delay suggests that this pool is localized at the periphery, so that its diffusion across the OS rate-limits the recovery. The line with very low arrestin-1 expression is the first where rhodopsin inactivation was made rate-limiting by arrestin manipulation. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-3144249 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2011 |
publisher | Public Library of Science |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-31442492011-08-04 Progressive Reduction of its Expression in Rods Reveals Two Pools of Arrestin-1 in the Outer Segment with Different Roles in Photoresponse Recovery Cleghorn, Whitney M. Tsakem, Elviche L. Song, Xiufeng Vishnivetskiy, Sergey A. Seo, Jungwon Chen, Jeannie Gurevich, Eugenia V. Gurevich, Vsevolod V. PLoS One Research Article Light-induced rhodopsin signaling is turned off with sub-second kinetics by rhodopsin phosphorylation followed by arrestin-1 binding. To test the availability of the arrestin-1 pool in dark-adapted outer segment (OS) for rhodopsin shutoff, we measured photoresponse recovery rates of mice with arrestin-1 content in the OS of 2.5%, 5%, 60%, and 100% of wild type (WT) level by two-flash ERG with the first (desensitizing) flash at 160, 400, 1000, and 2500 photons/rod. The time of half recovery (t(half)) in WT retinas increases with the intensity of the initial flash, becoming ∼2.5-fold longer upon activation of 2500 than after 160 rhodopsins/rod. Mice with 60% and even 5% of WT arrestin-1 level recovered at WT rates. In contrast, the mice with 2.5% of WT arrestin-1 had a dramatically slower recovery than the other three lines, with the t(half) increasing ∼28 fold between 160 and 2500 rhodopsins/rod. Even after the dimmest flash, the rate of recovery of rods with 2.5% of normal arrestin-1 was two times slower than in other lines, indicating that arrestin-1 level in the OS between 100% and 5% of WT is sufficient for rapid recovery, whereas with lower arrestin-1 the rate of recovery dramatically decreases with increased light intensity. Thus, the OS has two distinct pools of arrestin-1: cytoplasmic and a separate pool comprising ∼2.5% that is not immediately available for rhodopsin quenching. The observed delay suggests that this pool is localized at the periphery, so that its diffusion across the OS rate-limits the recovery. The line with very low arrestin-1 expression is the first where rhodopsin inactivation was made rate-limiting by arrestin manipulation. Public Library of Science 2011-07-26 /pmc/articles/PMC3144249/ /pubmed/21818392 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0022797 Text en Cleghorn et al. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are properly credited. |
spellingShingle | Research Article Cleghorn, Whitney M. Tsakem, Elviche L. Song, Xiufeng Vishnivetskiy, Sergey A. Seo, Jungwon Chen, Jeannie Gurevich, Eugenia V. Gurevich, Vsevolod V. Progressive Reduction of its Expression in Rods Reveals Two Pools of Arrestin-1 in the Outer Segment with Different Roles in Photoresponse Recovery |
title | Progressive Reduction of its Expression in Rods Reveals Two Pools of Arrestin-1 in the Outer Segment with Different Roles in Photoresponse Recovery |
title_full | Progressive Reduction of its Expression in Rods Reveals Two Pools of Arrestin-1 in the Outer Segment with Different Roles in Photoresponse Recovery |
title_fullStr | Progressive Reduction of its Expression in Rods Reveals Two Pools of Arrestin-1 in the Outer Segment with Different Roles in Photoresponse Recovery |
title_full_unstemmed | Progressive Reduction of its Expression in Rods Reveals Two Pools of Arrestin-1 in the Outer Segment with Different Roles in Photoresponse Recovery |
title_short | Progressive Reduction of its Expression in Rods Reveals Two Pools of Arrestin-1 in the Outer Segment with Different Roles in Photoresponse Recovery |
title_sort | progressive reduction of its expression in rods reveals two pools of arrestin-1 in the outer segment with different roles in photoresponse recovery |
topic | Research Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3144249/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21818392 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0022797 |
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