Cargando…

Water Chreodes and the Mechanisms of Ligand Diffusion, General Anesthesia, and Sleep

The concept of the presence of passageways, chreodes, created by the influence of the hydropathic states of amino acid side chains on the surface water of proteins, has been proposed. These chreodes facilitate and direct the diffusion of neurotransmitters through surface water, to the receptor or ac...

Descripción completa

Detalles Bibliográficos
Autor principal: Kier, Lemont B.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Hindawi Publishing Corporation 2011
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3144665/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21804942
http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2011/396560
_version_ 1782209022293704704
author Kier, Lemont B.
author_facet Kier, Lemont B.
author_sort Kier, Lemont B.
collection PubMed
description The concept of the presence of passageways, chreodes, created by the influence of the hydropathic states of amino acid side chains on the surface water of proteins, has been proposed. These chreodes facilitate and direct the diffusion of neurotransmitters through surface water, to the receptor or active site on a protein. This system of chreodes is vulnerable to the presence of some other molecules that may encounter the chreode system. This encounter and disruption has been proposed to explain the mechanism of general anesthesia. Based on much recent evidence of the similarities between anesthesia from volatile anesthetic agents and sleep, a comparable mechanism has been proposed for sleep. Since this must be an exogenous substance to be comparable to a general anesthetic agent, it was proposed that this exogenous, sleep-producing substance is elemental nitrogen. Recent evidence supports these hypotheses.
format Online
Article
Text
id pubmed-3144665
institution National Center for Biotechnology Information
language English
publishDate 2011
publisher Hindawi Publishing Corporation
record_format MEDLINE/PubMed
spelling pubmed-31446652011-07-29 Water Chreodes and the Mechanisms of Ligand Diffusion, General Anesthesia, and Sleep Kier, Lemont B. Biochem Res Int Review Article The concept of the presence of passageways, chreodes, created by the influence of the hydropathic states of amino acid side chains on the surface water of proteins, has been proposed. These chreodes facilitate and direct the diffusion of neurotransmitters through surface water, to the receptor or active site on a protein. This system of chreodes is vulnerable to the presence of some other molecules that may encounter the chreode system. This encounter and disruption has been proposed to explain the mechanism of general anesthesia. Based on much recent evidence of the similarities between anesthesia from volatile anesthetic agents and sleep, a comparable mechanism has been proposed for sleep. Since this must be an exogenous substance to be comparable to a general anesthetic agent, it was proposed that this exogenous, sleep-producing substance is elemental nitrogen. Recent evidence supports these hypotheses. Hindawi Publishing Corporation 2011 2011-07-26 /pmc/articles/PMC3144665/ /pubmed/21804942 http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2011/396560 Text en Copyright © 2011 Lemont B. Kier. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
spellingShingle Review Article
Kier, Lemont B.
Water Chreodes and the Mechanisms of Ligand Diffusion, General Anesthesia, and Sleep
title Water Chreodes and the Mechanisms of Ligand Diffusion, General Anesthesia, and Sleep
title_full Water Chreodes and the Mechanisms of Ligand Diffusion, General Anesthesia, and Sleep
title_fullStr Water Chreodes and the Mechanisms of Ligand Diffusion, General Anesthesia, and Sleep
title_full_unstemmed Water Chreodes and the Mechanisms of Ligand Diffusion, General Anesthesia, and Sleep
title_short Water Chreodes and the Mechanisms of Ligand Diffusion, General Anesthesia, and Sleep
title_sort water chreodes and the mechanisms of ligand diffusion, general anesthesia, and sleep
topic Review Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3144665/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21804942
http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2011/396560
work_keys_str_mv AT kierlemontb waterchreodesandthemechanismsofliganddiffusiongeneralanesthesiaandsleep