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Field-Evolved Resistance to Bt Maize by Western Corn Rootworm

BACKGROUND: Crops engineered to produce insecticidal toxins derived from the bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) are planted on millions of hectares annually, reducing the use of conventional insecticides and suppressing pests. However, the evolution of resistance could cut short these benefits. A...

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Autores principales: Gassmann, Aaron J., Petzold-Maxwell, Jennifer L., Keweshan, Ryan S., Dunbar, Mike W.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Public Library of Science 2011
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3146474/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21829470
http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0022629
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author Gassmann, Aaron J.
Petzold-Maxwell, Jennifer L.
Keweshan, Ryan S.
Dunbar, Mike W.
author_facet Gassmann, Aaron J.
Petzold-Maxwell, Jennifer L.
Keweshan, Ryan S.
Dunbar, Mike W.
author_sort Gassmann, Aaron J.
collection PubMed
description BACKGROUND: Crops engineered to produce insecticidal toxins derived from the bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) are planted on millions of hectares annually, reducing the use of conventional insecticides and suppressing pests. However, the evolution of resistance could cut short these benefits. A primary pest targeted by Bt maize in the United States is the western corn rootworm Diabrotica virgifera virgifera (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae). METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: We report that fields identified by farmers as having severe rootworm feeding injury to Bt maize contained populations of western corn rootworm that displayed significantly higher survival on Cry3Bb1 maize in laboratory bioassays than did western corn rootworm from fields not associated with such feeding injury. In all cases, fields experiencing severe rootworm feeding contained Cry3Bb1 maize. Interviews with farmers indicated that Cry3Bb1 maize had been grown in those fields for at least three consecutive years. There was a significant positive correlation between the number of years Cry3Bb1 maize had been grown in a field and the survival of rootworm populations on Cry3Bb1 maize in bioassays. However, there was no significant correlation among populations for survival on Cry34/35Ab1 maize and Cry3Bb1 maize, suggesting a lack of cross resistance between these Bt toxins. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: This is the first report of field-evolved resistance to a Bt toxin by the western corn rootworm and by any species of Coleoptera. Insufficient planting of refuges and non-recessive inheritance of resistance may have contributed to resistance. These results suggest that improvements in resistance management and a more integrated approach to the use of Bt crops may be necessary.
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spelling pubmed-31464742011-08-09 Field-Evolved Resistance to Bt Maize by Western Corn Rootworm Gassmann, Aaron J. Petzold-Maxwell, Jennifer L. Keweshan, Ryan S. Dunbar, Mike W. PLoS One Research Article BACKGROUND: Crops engineered to produce insecticidal toxins derived from the bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) are planted on millions of hectares annually, reducing the use of conventional insecticides and suppressing pests. However, the evolution of resistance could cut short these benefits. A primary pest targeted by Bt maize in the United States is the western corn rootworm Diabrotica virgifera virgifera (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae). METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: We report that fields identified by farmers as having severe rootworm feeding injury to Bt maize contained populations of western corn rootworm that displayed significantly higher survival on Cry3Bb1 maize in laboratory bioassays than did western corn rootworm from fields not associated with such feeding injury. In all cases, fields experiencing severe rootworm feeding contained Cry3Bb1 maize. Interviews with farmers indicated that Cry3Bb1 maize had been grown in those fields for at least three consecutive years. There was a significant positive correlation between the number of years Cry3Bb1 maize had been grown in a field and the survival of rootworm populations on Cry3Bb1 maize in bioassays. However, there was no significant correlation among populations for survival on Cry34/35Ab1 maize and Cry3Bb1 maize, suggesting a lack of cross resistance between these Bt toxins. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: This is the first report of field-evolved resistance to a Bt toxin by the western corn rootworm and by any species of Coleoptera. Insufficient planting of refuges and non-recessive inheritance of resistance may have contributed to resistance. These results suggest that improvements in resistance management and a more integrated approach to the use of Bt crops may be necessary. Public Library of Science 2011-07-29 /pmc/articles/PMC3146474/ /pubmed/21829470 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0022629 Text en Gassmann et al. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are properly credited.
spellingShingle Research Article
Gassmann, Aaron J.
Petzold-Maxwell, Jennifer L.
Keweshan, Ryan S.
Dunbar, Mike W.
Field-Evolved Resistance to Bt Maize by Western Corn Rootworm
title Field-Evolved Resistance to Bt Maize by Western Corn Rootworm
title_full Field-Evolved Resistance to Bt Maize by Western Corn Rootworm
title_fullStr Field-Evolved Resistance to Bt Maize by Western Corn Rootworm
title_full_unstemmed Field-Evolved Resistance to Bt Maize by Western Corn Rootworm
title_short Field-Evolved Resistance to Bt Maize by Western Corn Rootworm
title_sort field-evolved resistance to bt maize by western corn rootworm
topic Research Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3146474/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21829470
http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0022629
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