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Reproductive health and access to healthcare facilities: risk factors for depression and anxiety in women with an earthquake experience

BACKGROUND: The reproductive and mental health of women contributes significantly to their overall well-being. Three of the eight Millennium Development Goals are directly related to reproductive and sexual health while mental disorders make up three of the ten leading causes of disease burden in lo...

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Autores principales: Anwar, Jasim, Mpofu, Elias, Matthews, Lynda R, Shadoul, Ahmed Farah, Brock, Kaye E
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: BioMed Central 2011
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3146866/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21718519
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1471-2458-11-523
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author Anwar, Jasim
Mpofu, Elias
Matthews, Lynda R
Shadoul, Ahmed Farah
Brock, Kaye E
author_facet Anwar, Jasim
Mpofu, Elias
Matthews, Lynda R
Shadoul, Ahmed Farah
Brock, Kaye E
author_sort Anwar, Jasim
collection PubMed
description BACKGROUND: The reproductive and mental health of women contributes significantly to their overall well-being. Three of the eight Millennium Development Goals are directly related to reproductive and sexual health while mental disorders make up three of the ten leading causes of disease burden in low and middle-income countries. Among mental disorders, depression and anxiety are two of the most prevalent. In the context of slower progress in achieving Millennium Development Goals in developing countries and the ever-increasing man-made and natural disasters in these areas, it is important to understand the association between reproductive health and mental health among women with post-disaster experiences. METHODS: This was a cross-sectional study with a sample of 387 women of reproductive age (15-49 years) randomly selected from the October 2005 earthquake affected areas of Pakistan. Data on reproductive health was collected using the Centers for Disease Control reproductive health assessment toolkit. Depression and anxiety were measured using the Hopkins Symptom Checklist-25, while earthquake experiences were captured using the Harvard Trauma Questionnaire. The association of either depression or anxiety with socio-demographic variables, earthquake experiences, reproductive health and access to health facilities was estimated using multivariate logistic regression. RESULTS: Post-earthquake reproductive health events together with economic deprivation, lower family support and poorer access to health care facilities explained a significant proportion of differences in the experiencing of clinical levels of depression and anxiety. For instance, women losing resources for subsistence, separation from family and experiencing reproductive health events such as having a stillbirth, having had an abortion, having had abnormal vaginal discharge or having had genital ulcers, were at significant risk of depression and anxiety. CONCLUSION: The relationship between women's post-earthquake mental health and reproductive health, socio-economic status, and health care access is complex and explained largely by the socio-cultural role of women. It is suggested that interventions that consider gender differences and that are culturally appropriate are likely to reduce the incidence.
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spelling pubmed-31468662011-07-31 Reproductive health and access to healthcare facilities: risk factors for depression and anxiety in women with an earthquake experience Anwar, Jasim Mpofu, Elias Matthews, Lynda R Shadoul, Ahmed Farah Brock, Kaye E BMC Public Health Research Article BACKGROUND: The reproductive and mental health of women contributes significantly to their overall well-being. Three of the eight Millennium Development Goals are directly related to reproductive and sexual health while mental disorders make up three of the ten leading causes of disease burden in low and middle-income countries. Among mental disorders, depression and anxiety are two of the most prevalent. In the context of slower progress in achieving Millennium Development Goals in developing countries and the ever-increasing man-made and natural disasters in these areas, it is important to understand the association between reproductive health and mental health among women with post-disaster experiences. METHODS: This was a cross-sectional study with a sample of 387 women of reproductive age (15-49 years) randomly selected from the October 2005 earthquake affected areas of Pakistan. Data on reproductive health was collected using the Centers for Disease Control reproductive health assessment toolkit. Depression and anxiety were measured using the Hopkins Symptom Checklist-25, while earthquake experiences were captured using the Harvard Trauma Questionnaire. The association of either depression or anxiety with socio-demographic variables, earthquake experiences, reproductive health and access to health facilities was estimated using multivariate logistic regression. RESULTS: Post-earthquake reproductive health events together with economic deprivation, lower family support and poorer access to health care facilities explained a significant proportion of differences in the experiencing of clinical levels of depression and anxiety. For instance, women losing resources for subsistence, separation from family and experiencing reproductive health events such as having a stillbirth, having had an abortion, having had abnormal vaginal discharge or having had genital ulcers, were at significant risk of depression and anxiety. CONCLUSION: The relationship between women's post-earthquake mental health and reproductive health, socio-economic status, and health care access is complex and explained largely by the socio-cultural role of women. It is suggested that interventions that consider gender differences and that are culturally appropriate are likely to reduce the incidence. BioMed Central 2011-06-30 /pmc/articles/PMC3146866/ /pubmed/21718519 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1471-2458-11-523 Text en Copyright ©2011 Anwar et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0 This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
spellingShingle Research Article
Anwar, Jasim
Mpofu, Elias
Matthews, Lynda R
Shadoul, Ahmed Farah
Brock, Kaye E
Reproductive health and access to healthcare facilities: risk factors for depression and anxiety in women with an earthquake experience
title Reproductive health and access to healthcare facilities: risk factors for depression and anxiety in women with an earthquake experience
title_full Reproductive health and access to healthcare facilities: risk factors for depression and anxiety in women with an earthquake experience
title_fullStr Reproductive health and access to healthcare facilities: risk factors for depression and anxiety in women with an earthquake experience
title_full_unstemmed Reproductive health and access to healthcare facilities: risk factors for depression and anxiety in women with an earthquake experience
title_short Reproductive health and access to healthcare facilities: risk factors for depression and anxiety in women with an earthquake experience
title_sort reproductive health and access to healthcare facilities: risk factors for depression and anxiety in women with an earthquake experience
topic Research Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3146866/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21718519
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1471-2458-11-523
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