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Nitrogen-Containing Compounds in the Scent Gland Secretions of European Cladonychiid Harvestmen (Opiliones, Laniatores, Travunioidea)
The exocrine secretions from prominently developed prosomal scent glands in four species of the European laniatorean harvestman genus Holoscotolemon (Laniatores, Travunioidea, Cladonychiidae) were analyzed by gas chromatography – mass spectrometry. Two major alkaloidal compounds were detected: Nicot...
Autores principales: | , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
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Springer-Verlag
2011
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3148440/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21769653 http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10886-011-9996-2 |
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author | Raspotnig, Günther Schaider, Miriam Föttinger, Petra Komposch, Christian Karaman, Ivo |
author_facet | Raspotnig, Günther Schaider, Miriam Föttinger, Petra Komposch, Christian Karaman, Ivo |
author_sort | Raspotnig, Günther |
collection | PubMed |
description | The exocrine secretions from prominently developed prosomal scent glands in four species of the European laniatorean harvestman genus Holoscotolemon (Laniatores, Travunioidea, Cladonychiidae) were analyzed by gas chromatography – mass spectrometry. Two major alkaloidal compounds were detected: Nicotine accounted for more than 97% of the secretion in Holoscotolemon jaqueti and H. oreophilum, whereas the chemically related nicotinoid alkaloid anabaseine was the major compound in H. lessiniense. In addition, a series of minor nitrogen-containing components was found, namely 3-(1-methyl-2-piperidinyl)-pyridine and anabasine, in H. jaqueti and H. oreophilum, and anabasine together with 2,3′-bipyridyl in H. lessiniense. By contrast, extracts of adult H. unicolor did not show any components. In one juvenile specimen of H. unicolor, however, low amounts of alkyl pyrazines (dimethyl-isobutyl- and dimethyl-isopentylpyrazines) were detected. Nitrogen-containing components previously were found in Sclerobunus robustus (an American travunioid harvestman), so scent gland-derived alkaloids may be widespread or even common in the Travunioidea. Alkaloids have not been reported for other opilionid scent gland secretions outside the Travunioidea, and we hypothesize that they may be the phylogenetically ancestral allomones in the Laniatores, having been reduced and replaced by a phenol- and benzoquinone-rich chemistry in the more derived grassatorean taxa. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-3148440 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2011 |
publisher | Springer-Verlag |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-31484402011-09-08 Nitrogen-Containing Compounds in the Scent Gland Secretions of European Cladonychiid Harvestmen (Opiliones, Laniatores, Travunioidea) Raspotnig, Günther Schaider, Miriam Föttinger, Petra Komposch, Christian Karaman, Ivo J Chem Ecol Article The exocrine secretions from prominently developed prosomal scent glands in four species of the European laniatorean harvestman genus Holoscotolemon (Laniatores, Travunioidea, Cladonychiidae) were analyzed by gas chromatography – mass spectrometry. Two major alkaloidal compounds were detected: Nicotine accounted for more than 97% of the secretion in Holoscotolemon jaqueti and H. oreophilum, whereas the chemically related nicotinoid alkaloid anabaseine was the major compound in H. lessiniense. In addition, a series of minor nitrogen-containing components was found, namely 3-(1-methyl-2-piperidinyl)-pyridine and anabasine, in H. jaqueti and H. oreophilum, and anabasine together with 2,3′-bipyridyl in H. lessiniense. By contrast, extracts of adult H. unicolor did not show any components. In one juvenile specimen of H. unicolor, however, low amounts of alkyl pyrazines (dimethyl-isobutyl- and dimethyl-isopentylpyrazines) were detected. Nitrogen-containing components previously were found in Sclerobunus robustus (an American travunioid harvestman), so scent gland-derived alkaloids may be widespread or even common in the Travunioidea. Alkaloids have not been reported for other opilionid scent gland secretions outside the Travunioidea, and we hypothesize that they may be the phylogenetically ancestral allomones in the Laniatores, having been reduced and replaced by a phenol- and benzoquinone-rich chemistry in the more derived grassatorean taxa. Springer-Verlag 2011-07-16 2011 /pmc/articles/PMC3148440/ /pubmed/21769653 http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10886-011-9996-2 Text en © The Author(s) 2011 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Noncommercial License which permits any noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author(s) and source are credited. |
spellingShingle | Article Raspotnig, Günther Schaider, Miriam Föttinger, Petra Komposch, Christian Karaman, Ivo Nitrogen-Containing Compounds in the Scent Gland Secretions of European Cladonychiid Harvestmen (Opiliones, Laniatores, Travunioidea) |
title | Nitrogen-Containing Compounds in the Scent Gland Secretions of European Cladonychiid Harvestmen (Opiliones, Laniatores, Travunioidea) |
title_full | Nitrogen-Containing Compounds in the Scent Gland Secretions of European Cladonychiid Harvestmen (Opiliones, Laniatores, Travunioidea) |
title_fullStr | Nitrogen-Containing Compounds in the Scent Gland Secretions of European Cladonychiid Harvestmen (Opiliones, Laniatores, Travunioidea) |
title_full_unstemmed | Nitrogen-Containing Compounds in the Scent Gland Secretions of European Cladonychiid Harvestmen (Opiliones, Laniatores, Travunioidea) |
title_short | Nitrogen-Containing Compounds in the Scent Gland Secretions of European Cladonychiid Harvestmen (Opiliones, Laniatores, Travunioidea) |
title_sort | nitrogen-containing compounds in the scent gland secretions of european cladonychiid harvestmen (opiliones, laniatores, travunioidea) |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3148440/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21769653 http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10886-011-9996-2 |
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