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Recombination Drives Genetic Diversification of Streptococcus dysgalactiae Subspecies equisimilis in a Region of Streptococcal Endemicity

Infection of the skin or throat by Streptococcus dysgalactiae subspecies equisimilis (SDSE) may result in a number of human diseases. To understand mechanisms that give rise to new genetic variants in this species, we used multi-locus sequence typing (MLST) to characterise relationships in the SDSE...

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Autores principales: McMillan, David J., Kaul, Santosh Y., Bramhachari, P. V., Smeesters, Pierre R., Vu, Therese, Karmarkar, M. G., Shaila, Melkote S., Sriprakash, Kadaba S.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Public Library of Science 2011
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3153926/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21857905
http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0021346
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author McMillan, David J.
Kaul, Santosh Y.
Bramhachari, P. V.
Smeesters, Pierre R.
Vu, Therese
Karmarkar, M. G.
Shaila, Melkote S.
Sriprakash, Kadaba S.
author_facet McMillan, David J.
Kaul, Santosh Y.
Bramhachari, P. V.
Smeesters, Pierre R.
Vu, Therese
Karmarkar, M. G.
Shaila, Melkote S.
Sriprakash, Kadaba S.
author_sort McMillan, David J.
collection PubMed
description Infection of the skin or throat by Streptococcus dysgalactiae subspecies equisimilis (SDSE) may result in a number of human diseases. To understand mechanisms that give rise to new genetic variants in this species, we used multi-locus sequence typing (MLST) to characterise relationships in the SDSE population from India, a country where streptococcal disease is endemic. The study revealed Indian SDSE isolates have sequence types (STs) predominantly different to those reported from other regions of the world. Emm-ST combinations in India are also largely unique. Split decomposition analysis, the presence of emm-types in unrelated clonal complexes, and analysis of phylogenetic trees based on concatenated sequences all reveal an extensive history of recombination within the population. The ratio of recombination to mutation (r/m) events (11∶1) and per site r/m ratio (41∶1) in this population is twice as high as reported for SDSE from non-endemic regions. Recombination involving the emm-gene is also more frequent than recombination involving housekeeping genes, consistent with diversification of M proteins offering selective advantages to the pathogen. Our data demonstrate that genetic recombination in endemic regions is more frequent than non-endemic regions, and gives rise to novel local SDSE variants, some of which may have increased fitness or pathogenic potential.
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spelling pubmed-31539262011-08-19 Recombination Drives Genetic Diversification of Streptococcus dysgalactiae Subspecies equisimilis in a Region of Streptococcal Endemicity McMillan, David J. Kaul, Santosh Y. Bramhachari, P. V. Smeesters, Pierre R. Vu, Therese Karmarkar, M. G. Shaila, Melkote S. Sriprakash, Kadaba S. PLoS One Research Article Infection of the skin or throat by Streptococcus dysgalactiae subspecies equisimilis (SDSE) may result in a number of human diseases. To understand mechanisms that give rise to new genetic variants in this species, we used multi-locus sequence typing (MLST) to characterise relationships in the SDSE population from India, a country where streptococcal disease is endemic. The study revealed Indian SDSE isolates have sequence types (STs) predominantly different to those reported from other regions of the world. Emm-ST combinations in India are also largely unique. Split decomposition analysis, the presence of emm-types in unrelated clonal complexes, and analysis of phylogenetic trees based on concatenated sequences all reveal an extensive history of recombination within the population. The ratio of recombination to mutation (r/m) events (11∶1) and per site r/m ratio (41∶1) in this population is twice as high as reported for SDSE from non-endemic regions. Recombination involving the emm-gene is also more frequent than recombination involving housekeeping genes, consistent with diversification of M proteins offering selective advantages to the pathogen. Our data demonstrate that genetic recombination in endemic regions is more frequent than non-endemic regions, and gives rise to novel local SDSE variants, some of which may have increased fitness or pathogenic potential. Public Library of Science 2011-08-03 /pmc/articles/PMC3153926/ /pubmed/21857905 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0021346 Text en McMillan et al. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are properly credited.
spellingShingle Research Article
McMillan, David J.
Kaul, Santosh Y.
Bramhachari, P. V.
Smeesters, Pierre R.
Vu, Therese
Karmarkar, M. G.
Shaila, Melkote S.
Sriprakash, Kadaba S.
Recombination Drives Genetic Diversification of Streptococcus dysgalactiae Subspecies equisimilis in a Region of Streptococcal Endemicity
title Recombination Drives Genetic Diversification of Streptococcus dysgalactiae Subspecies equisimilis in a Region of Streptococcal Endemicity
title_full Recombination Drives Genetic Diversification of Streptococcus dysgalactiae Subspecies equisimilis in a Region of Streptococcal Endemicity
title_fullStr Recombination Drives Genetic Diversification of Streptococcus dysgalactiae Subspecies equisimilis in a Region of Streptococcal Endemicity
title_full_unstemmed Recombination Drives Genetic Diversification of Streptococcus dysgalactiae Subspecies equisimilis in a Region of Streptococcal Endemicity
title_short Recombination Drives Genetic Diversification of Streptococcus dysgalactiae Subspecies equisimilis in a Region of Streptococcal Endemicity
title_sort recombination drives genetic diversification of streptococcus dysgalactiae subspecies equisimilis in a region of streptococcal endemicity
topic Research Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3153926/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21857905
http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0021346
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