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Acquisition of glial cells missing 2 Enhancers Contributes to a Diversity of Ionocytes in Zebrafish
Glial cells missing 2 (gcm2) encoding a GCM-motif transcription factor is expressed in the parathyroid in amniotes. In contrast, gcm2 is expressed in pharyngeal pouches (a homologous site of the parathyroid), gills, and H(+)-ATPase–rich cells (HRCs), a subset of ionocytes on the skin surface of the...
Autores principales: | , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Public Library of Science
2011
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3157436/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21858216 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0023746 |
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author | Shono, Takanori Kurokawa, Daisuke Miyake, Tsutomu Okabe, Masataka |
author_facet | Shono, Takanori Kurokawa, Daisuke Miyake, Tsutomu Okabe, Masataka |
author_sort | Shono, Takanori |
collection | PubMed |
description | Glial cells missing 2 (gcm2) encoding a GCM-motif transcription factor is expressed in the parathyroid in amniotes. In contrast, gcm2 is expressed in pharyngeal pouches (a homologous site of the parathyroid), gills, and H(+)-ATPase–rich cells (HRCs), a subset of ionocytes on the skin surface of the teleost fish zebrafish. Ionocytes are specialized cells that are involved in osmotic homeostasis in aquatic vertebrates. Here, we showed that gcm2 is essential for the development of HRCs and Na(+)-Cl(−) co-transporter–rich cells (NCCCs), another subset of ionocytes in zebrafish. We also identified gcm2 enhancer regions that control gcm2 expression in ionocytes of zebrafish. Comparisons of the gcm2 locus with its neighboring regions revealed no conserved elements between zebrafish and tetrapods. Furthermore, We observed gcm2 expression patterns in embryos of the teleost fishes Medaka (Oryzias latipes) and fugu (Fugu niphobles), the extant primitive ray-finned fishes Polypterus (Polypterus senegalus) and sturgeon (a hybrid of Huso huso × Acipenser ruhenus), and the amphibian Xenopus (Xenopus laevis). Although gcm2-expressing cells were observed on the skin surface of Medaka and fugu, they were not found in Polypterus, sturgeon, or Xenopus. Our results suggest that an acquisition of enhancers for the expression of gcm2 contributes to a diversity of ionocytes in zebrafish during evolution. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-3157436 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2011 |
publisher | Public Library of Science |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-31574362011-08-19 Acquisition of glial cells missing 2 Enhancers Contributes to a Diversity of Ionocytes in Zebrafish Shono, Takanori Kurokawa, Daisuke Miyake, Tsutomu Okabe, Masataka PLoS One Research Article Glial cells missing 2 (gcm2) encoding a GCM-motif transcription factor is expressed in the parathyroid in amniotes. In contrast, gcm2 is expressed in pharyngeal pouches (a homologous site of the parathyroid), gills, and H(+)-ATPase–rich cells (HRCs), a subset of ionocytes on the skin surface of the teleost fish zebrafish. Ionocytes are specialized cells that are involved in osmotic homeostasis in aquatic vertebrates. Here, we showed that gcm2 is essential for the development of HRCs and Na(+)-Cl(−) co-transporter–rich cells (NCCCs), another subset of ionocytes in zebrafish. We also identified gcm2 enhancer regions that control gcm2 expression in ionocytes of zebrafish. Comparisons of the gcm2 locus with its neighboring regions revealed no conserved elements between zebrafish and tetrapods. Furthermore, We observed gcm2 expression patterns in embryos of the teleost fishes Medaka (Oryzias latipes) and fugu (Fugu niphobles), the extant primitive ray-finned fishes Polypterus (Polypterus senegalus) and sturgeon (a hybrid of Huso huso × Acipenser ruhenus), and the amphibian Xenopus (Xenopus laevis). Although gcm2-expressing cells were observed on the skin surface of Medaka and fugu, they were not found in Polypterus, sturgeon, or Xenopus. Our results suggest that an acquisition of enhancers for the expression of gcm2 contributes to a diversity of ionocytes in zebrafish during evolution. Public Library of Science 2011-08-17 /pmc/articles/PMC3157436/ /pubmed/21858216 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0023746 Text en Shono et al. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are properly credited. |
spellingShingle | Research Article Shono, Takanori Kurokawa, Daisuke Miyake, Tsutomu Okabe, Masataka Acquisition of glial cells missing 2 Enhancers Contributes to a Diversity of Ionocytes in Zebrafish |
title | Acquisition of glial cells missing 2 Enhancers Contributes to a Diversity of Ionocytes in Zebrafish |
title_full | Acquisition of glial cells missing 2 Enhancers Contributes to a Diversity of Ionocytes in Zebrafish |
title_fullStr | Acquisition of glial cells missing 2 Enhancers Contributes to a Diversity of Ionocytes in Zebrafish |
title_full_unstemmed | Acquisition of glial cells missing 2 Enhancers Contributes to a Diversity of Ionocytes in Zebrafish |
title_short | Acquisition of glial cells missing 2 Enhancers Contributes to a Diversity of Ionocytes in Zebrafish |
title_sort | acquisition of glial cells missing 2 enhancers contributes to a diversity of ionocytes in zebrafish |
topic | Research Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3157436/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21858216 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0023746 |
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