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Estimation of RF energy absorbed in the brain from mobile phones in the Interphone Study

OBJECTIVES: The objective of this study was to develop an estimate of a radio frequency (RF) dose as the amount of mobile phone RF energy absorbed at the location of a brain tumour, for use in the Interphone Epidemiological Study. METHODS: We systematically evaluated and quantified all the main para...

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Autores principales: Cardis, E, Varsier, N, Bowman, J D, Deltour, I, Figuerola, J, Mann, S, Moissonnier, M, Taki, M, Vecchia, P, Villegas, R, Vrijheid, M, Wake, K, Wiart, J
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: BMJ Group 2011
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3158331/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21659468
http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/oemed-2011-100065
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author Cardis, E
Varsier, N
Bowman, J D
Deltour, I
Figuerola, J
Mann, S
Moissonnier, M
Taki, M
Vecchia, P
Villegas, R
Vrijheid, M
Wake, K
Wiart, J
author_facet Cardis, E
Varsier, N
Bowman, J D
Deltour, I
Figuerola, J
Mann, S
Moissonnier, M
Taki, M
Vecchia, P
Villegas, R
Vrijheid, M
Wake, K
Wiart, J
author_sort Cardis, E
collection PubMed
description OBJECTIVES: The objective of this study was to develop an estimate of a radio frequency (RF) dose as the amount of mobile phone RF energy absorbed at the location of a brain tumour, for use in the Interphone Epidemiological Study. METHODS: We systematically evaluated and quantified all the main parameters thought to influence the amount of specific RF energy absorbed in the brain from mobile telephone use. For this, we identified the likely important determinants of RF specific energy absorption rate during protocol and questionnaire design, we collected information from study subjects, network operators and laboratories involved in specific energy absorption rate measurements and we studied potential modifiers of phone output through the use of software-modified phones. Data collected were analysed to assess the relative importance of the different factors, leading to the development of an algorithm to evaluate the total cumulative specific RF energy (in joules per kilogram), or dose, absorbed at a particular location in the brain. This algorithm was applied to Interphone Study subjects in five countries. RESULTS: The main determinants of total cumulative specific RF energy from mobile phones were communication system and frequency band, location in the brain and amount and duration of mobile phone use. Though there was substantial agreement between categorisation of subjects by cumulative specific RF energy and cumulative call time, misclassification was non-negligible, particularly at higher frequency bands. Factors such as adaptive power control (except in Code Division Multiple Access networks), discontinuous transmission and conditions of phone use were found to have a relatively minor influence on total cumulative specific RF energy. CONCLUSIONS: While amount and duration of use are important determinants of RF dose in the brain, their impact can be substantially modified by communication system, frequency band and location in the brain. It is important to take these into account in analyses of risk of brain tumours from RF exposure from mobile phones.
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spelling pubmed-31583312011-09-06 Estimation of RF energy absorbed in the brain from mobile phones in the Interphone Study Cardis, E Varsier, N Bowman, J D Deltour, I Figuerola, J Mann, S Moissonnier, M Taki, M Vecchia, P Villegas, R Vrijheid, M Wake, K Wiart, J Occup Environ Med Original Article OBJECTIVES: The objective of this study was to develop an estimate of a radio frequency (RF) dose as the amount of mobile phone RF energy absorbed at the location of a brain tumour, for use in the Interphone Epidemiological Study. METHODS: We systematically evaluated and quantified all the main parameters thought to influence the amount of specific RF energy absorbed in the brain from mobile telephone use. For this, we identified the likely important determinants of RF specific energy absorption rate during protocol and questionnaire design, we collected information from study subjects, network operators and laboratories involved in specific energy absorption rate measurements and we studied potential modifiers of phone output through the use of software-modified phones. Data collected were analysed to assess the relative importance of the different factors, leading to the development of an algorithm to evaluate the total cumulative specific RF energy (in joules per kilogram), or dose, absorbed at a particular location in the brain. This algorithm was applied to Interphone Study subjects in five countries. RESULTS: The main determinants of total cumulative specific RF energy from mobile phones were communication system and frequency band, location in the brain and amount and duration of mobile phone use. Though there was substantial agreement between categorisation of subjects by cumulative specific RF energy and cumulative call time, misclassification was non-negligible, particularly at higher frequency bands. Factors such as adaptive power control (except in Code Division Multiple Access networks), discontinuous transmission and conditions of phone use were found to have a relatively minor influence on total cumulative specific RF energy. CONCLUSIONS: While amount and duration of use are important determinants of RF dose in the brain, their impact can be substantially modified by communication system, frequency band and location in the brain. It is important to take these into account in analyses of risk of brain tumours from RF exposure from mobile phones. BMJ Group 2011-06-09 2011-09 /pmc/articles/PMC3158331/ /pubmed/21659468 http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/oemed-2011-100065 Text en © 2011, Published by the BMJ Publishing Group Limited. For permission to use (where not already granted under a licence) please go to http://group.bmj.com/group/rights-licensing/permissions. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-commercial License, which permits use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited, the use is non commercial and is otherwise in compliance with the license. See: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/2.0/ and http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/2.0/legalcode.
spellingShingle Original Article
Cardis, E
Varsier, N
Bowman, J D
Deltour, I
Figuerola, J
Mann, S
Moissonnier, M
Taki, M
Vecchia, P
Villegas, R
Vrijheid, M
Wake, K
Wiart, J
Estimation of RF energy absorbed in the brain from mobile phones in the Interphone Study
title Estimation of RF energy absorbed in the brain from mobile phones in the Interphone Study
title_full Estimation of RF energy absorbed in the brain from mobile phones in the Interphone Study
title_fullStr Estimation of RF energy absorbed in the brain from mobile phones in the Interphone Study
title_full_unstemmed Estimation of RF energy absorbed in the brain from mobile phones in the Interphone Study
title_short Estimation of RF energy absorbed in the brain from mobile phones in the Interphone Study
title_sort estimation of rf energy absorbed in the brain from mobile phones in the interphone study
topic Original Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3158331/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21659468
http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/oemed-2011-100065
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