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Cyanobacterial Diversity and a New Acaryochloris-Like Symbiont from Bahamian Sea-Squirts

Symbiotic interactions between ascidians (sea-squirts) and microbes are poorly understood. Here we characterized the cyanobacteria in the tissues of 8 distinct didemnid taxa from shallow-water marine habitats in the Bahamas Islands by sequencing a fragment of the cyanobacterial 16S rRNA gene and the...

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Autores principales: López-Legentil, Susanna, Song, Bongkeun, Bosch, Manel, Pawlik, Joseph R., Turon, Xavier
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Public Library of Science 2011
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3161822/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21915246
http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0023938
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author López-Legentil, Susanna
Song, Bongkeun
Bosch, Manel
Pawlik, Joseph R.
Turon, Xavier
author_facet López-Legentil, Susanna
Song, Bongkeun
Bosch, Manel
Pawlik, Joseph R.
Turon, Xavier
author_sort López-Legentil, Susanna
collection PubMed
description Symbiotic interactions between ascidians (sea-squirts) and microbes are poorly understood. Here we characterized the cyanobacteria in the tissues of 8 distinct didemnid taxa from shallow-water marine habitats in the Bahamas Islands by sequencing a fragment of the cyanobacterial 16S rRNA gene and the entire 16S–23S rRNA internal transcribed spacer region (ITS) and by examining symbiont morphology with transmission electron (TEM) and confocal microscopy (CM). As described previously for other species, Trididemnum spp. mostly contained symbionts associated with the Prochloron-Synechocystis group. However, sequence analysis of the symbionts in Lissoclinum revealed two unique clades. The first contained a novel cyanobacterial clade, while the second clade was closely associated with Acaryochloris marina. CM revealed the presence of chlorophyll d (chl d) and phycobiliproteins (PBPs) within these symbiont cells, as is characteristic of Acaryochloris species. The presence of symbionts was also observed by TEM inside the tunic of both the adult and larvae of L. fragile, indicating vertical transmission to progeny. Based on molecular phylogenetic and microscopic analyses, Candidatus Acaryochloris bahamiensis nov. sp. is proposed for this symbiotic cyanobacterium. Our results support the hypothesis that photosymbiont communities in ascidians are structured by host phylogeny, but in some cases, also by sampling location.
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spelling pubmed-31618222011-09-13 Cyanobacterial Diversity and a New Acaryochloris-Like Symbiont from Bahamian Sea-Squirts López-Legentil, Susanna Song, Bongkeun Bosch, Manel Pawlik, Joseph R. Turon, Xavier PLoS One Research Article Symbiotic interactions between ascidians (sea-squirts) and microbes are poorly understood. Here we characterized the cyanobacteria in the tissues of 8 distinct didemnid taxa from shallow-water marine habitats in the Bahamas Islands by sequencing a fragment of the cyanobacterial 16S rRNA gene and the entire 16S–23S rRNA internal transcribed spacer region (ITS) and by examining symbiont morphology with transmission electron (TEM) and confocal microscopy (CM). As described previously for other species, Trididemnum spp. mostly contained symbionts associated with the Prochloron-Synechocystis group. However, sequence analysis of the symbionts in Lissoclinum revealed two unique clades. The first contained a novel cyanobacterial clade, while the second clade was closely associated with Acaryochloris marina. CM revealed the presence of chlorophyll d (chl d) and phycobiliproteins (PBPs) within these symbiont cells, as is characteristic of Acaryochloris species. The presence of symbionts was also observed by TEM inside the tunic of both the adult and larvae of L. fragile, indicating vertical transmission to progeny. Based on molecular phylogenetic and microscopic analyses, Candidatus Acaryochloris bahamiensis nov. sp. is proposed for this symbiotic cyanobacterium. Our results support the hypothesis that photosymbiont communities in ascidians are structured by host phylogeny, but in some cases, also by sampling location. Public Library of Science 2011-08-22 /pmc/articles/PMC3161822/ /pubmed/21915246 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0023938 Text en López-Legentil et al. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are properly credited.
spellingShingle Research Article
López-Legentil, Susanna
Song, Bongkeun
Bosch, Manel
Pawlik, Joseph R.
Turon, Xavier
Cyanobacterial Diversity and a New Acaryochloris-Like Symbiont from Bahamian Sea-Squirts
title Cyanobacterial Diversity and a New Acaryochloris-Like Symbiont from Bahamian Sea-Squirts
title_full Cyanobacterial Diversity and a New Acaryochloris-Like Symbiont from Bahamian Sea-Squirts
title_fullStr Cyanobacterial Diversity and a New Acaryochloris-Like Symbiont from Bahamian Sea-Squirts
title_full_unstemmed Cyanobacterial Diversity and a New Acaryochloris-Like Symbiont from Bahamian Sea-Squirts
title_short Cyanobacterial Diversity and a New Acaryochloris-Like Symbiont from Bahamian Sea-Squirts
title_sort cyanobacterial diversity and a new acaryochloris-like symbiont from bahamian sea-squirts
topic Research Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3161822/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21915246
http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0023938
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