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Anthrax phylogenetic structure in Northern Italy
BACKGROUND: Anthrax has almost disappeared from mainland Europe, except for the Mediterranean region where cases are still reported. In Central and South Italy, anthrax is enzootic, but in the North there are currently no high risk areas, with only sporadic cases having been registered in the last f...
Autores principales: | , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
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BioMed Central
2011
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3163213/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21801397 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1756-0500-4-273 |
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author | Garofolo, Giuliano Serrecchia, Luigina Corrò, Michela Fasanella, Antonio |
author_facet | Garofolo, Giuliano Serrecchia, Luigina Corrò, Michela Fasanella, Antonio |
author_sort | Garofolo, Giuliano |
collection | PubMed |
description | BACKGROUND: Anthrax has almost disappeared from mainland Europe, except for the Mediterranean region where cases are still reported. In Central and South Italy, anthrax is enzootic, but in the North there are currently no high risk areas, with only sporadic cases having been registered in the last few decades. Regional genetic and molecular characterizations of anthrax in these regions are still lacking. To investigate the potential molecular diversity of Bacillus anthracis in Northern Italy, canonical Single nucleotide polymorphism (canSNP) and Multilocus variable number tandem repeat analysis (MLVA) genotyping was performed against all isolates from animal outbreaks registered in the last twenty years in the region. FINDINGS: Six B. anthracis strains were analyzed. The canSNP analysis indicates the presence of three sublineages/subgroups each of which belong to one of the 12 worldwide CanSNP genotypes: B.Br.CNEVA (3 isolates), A.Br.005/006 (1 isolates) and A.008/009 (2 isolate). The latter is the dominant canSNP genotype in Italy. The 15-loci MLVA analysis revealed five different genotypes among the isolates. CONCLUSIONS: The major B branch and the A.Br.005/006 were recovered in the Northeast region. The genetic structure of anthrax discovered in this area differs from the rest of the country, suggesting the presence of a separate and independent B. anthracis molecular evolution niche. Although the isolates analyzed in this study are limited in quantity and representation, these results indicate that B. anthracis genetic diversity changes around the Alps. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-3163213 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2011 |
publisher | BioMed Central |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-31632132011-08-29 Anthrax phylogenetic structure in Northern Italy Garofolo, Giuliano Serrecchia, Luigina Corrò, Michela Fasanella, Antonio BMC Res Notes Short Report BACKGROUND: Anthrax has almost disappeared from mainland Europe, except for the Mediterranean region where cases are still reported. In Central and South Italy, anthrax is enzootic, but in the North there are currently no high risk areas, with only sporadic cases having been registered in the last few decades. Regional genetic and molecular characterizations of anthrax in these regions are still lacking. To investigate the potential molecular diversity of Bacillus anthracis in Northern Italy, canonical Single nucleotide polymorphism (canSNP) and Multilocus variable number tandem repeat analysis (MLVA) genotyping was performed against all isolates from animal outbreaks registered in the last twenty years in the region. FINDINGS: Six B. anthracis strains were analyzed. The canSNP analysis indicates the presence of three sublineages/subgroups each of which belong to one of the 12 worldwide CanSNP genotypes: B.Br.CNEVA (3 isolates), A.Br.005/006 (1 isolates) and A.008/009 (2 isolate). The latter is the dominant canSNP genotype in Italy. The 15-loci MLVA analysis revealed five different genotypes among the isolates. CONCLUSIONS: The major B branch and the A.Br.005/006 were recovered in the Northeast region. The genetic structure of anthrax discovered in this area differs from the rest of the country, suggesting the presence of a separate and independent B. anthracis molecular evolution niche. Although the isolates analyzed in this study are limited in quantity and representation, these results indicate that B. anthracis genetic diversity changes around the Alps. BioMed Central 2011-07-29 /pmc/articles/PMC3163213/ /pubmed/21801397 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1756-0500-4-273 Text en Copyright ©2011 Garofolo et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0 This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. |
spellingShingle | Short Report Garofolo, Giuliano Serrecchia, Luigina Corrò, Michela Fasanella, Antonio Anthrax phylogenetic structure in Northern Italy |
title | Anthrax phylogenetic structure in Northern Italy |
title_full | Anthrax phylogenetic structure in Northern Italy |
title_fullStr | Anthrax phylogenetic structure in Northern Italy |
title_full_unstemmed | Anthrax phylogenetic structure in Northern Italy |
title_short | Anthrax phylogenetic structure in Northern Italy |
title_sort | anthrax phylogenetic structure in northern italy |
topic | Short Report |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3163213/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21801397 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1756-0500-4-273 |
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