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Understanding Original Antigenic Sin in Influenza with a Dynamical System

Original antigenic sin is the phenomenon in which prior exposure to an antigen leads to a subsequent suboptimal immune response to a related antigen. Immune memory normally allows for an improved and rapid response to antigens previously seen and is the mechanism by which vaccination works. I here d...

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Autor principal: Pan, Keyao
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Public Library of Science 2011
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3163660/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21897863
http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0023910
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author Pan, Keyao
author_facet Pan, Keyao
author_sort Pan, Keyao
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description Original antigenic sin is the phenomenon in which prior exposure to an antigen leads to a subsequent suboptimal immune response to a related antigen. Immune memory normally allows for an improved and rapid response to antigens previously seen and is the mechanism by which vaccination works. I here develop a dynamical system model of the mechanism of original antigenic sin in influenza, clarifying and explaining the detailed spin-glass treatment of original antigenic sin. The dynamical system describes the viral load, the quantities of healthy and infected epithelial cells, the concentrations of naïve and memory antibodies, and the affinities of naïve and memory antibodies. I give explicit correspondences between the microscopic variables of the spin-glass model and those of the present dynamical system model. The dynamical system model reproduces the phenomenon of original antigenic sin and describes how a competition between different types of B cells compromises the overall effect of immune response. I illustrate the competition between the naïve and the memory antibodies as a function of the antigenic distance between the initial and subsequent antigens. The suboptimal immune response caused by original antigenic sin is observed when the host is exposed to an antigen which has intermediate antigenic distance to a second antigen previously recognized by the host's immune system.
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spelling pubmed-31636602011-09-06 Understanding Original Antigenic Sin in Influenza with a Dynamical System Pan, Keyao PLoS One Research Article Original antigenic sin is the phenomenon in which prior exposure to an antigen leads to a subsequent suboptimal immune response to a related antigen. Immune memory normally allows for an improved and rapid response to antigens previously seen and is the mechanism by which vaccination works. I here develop a dynamical system model of the mechanism of original antigenic sin in influenza, clarifying and explaining the detailed spin-glass treatment of original antigenic sin. The dynamical system describes the viral load, the quantities of healthy and infected epithelial cells, the concentrations of naïve and memory antibodies, and the affinities of naïve and memory antibodies. I give explicit correspondences between the microscopic variables of the spin-glass model and those of the present dynamical system model. The dynamical system model reproduces the phenomenon of original antigenic sin and describes how a competition between different types of B cells compromises the overall effect of immune response. I illustrate the competition between the naïve and the memory antibodies as a function of the antigenic distance between the initial and subsequent antigens. The suboptimal immune response caused by original antigenic sin is observed when the host is exposed to an antigen which has intermediate antigenic distance to a second antigen previously recognized by the host's immune system. Public Library of Science 2011-08-29 /pmc/articles/PMC3163660/ /pubmed/21897863 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0023910 Text en Keyao Pan. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are properly credited.
spellingShingle Research Article
Pan, Keyao
Understanding Original Antigenic Sin in Influenza with a Dynamical System
title Understanding Original Antigenic Sin in Influenza with a Dynamical System
title_full Understanding Original Antigenic Sin in Influenza with a Dynamical System
title_fullStr Understanding Original Antigenic Sin in Influenza with a Dynamical System
title_full_unstemmed Understanding Original Antigenic Sin in Influenza with a Dynamical System
title_short Understanding Original Antigenic Sin in Influenza with a Dynamical System
title_sort understanding original antigenic sin in influenza with a dynamical system
topic Research Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3163660/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21897863
http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0023910
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