Cargando…
Fusarium graminearum forms mycotoxin producing infection structures on wheat
BACKGROUND: The mycotoxin producing fungal pathogen Fusarium graminearum is the causal agent of Fusarium head blight (FHB) of small grain cereals in fields worldwide. Although F. graminearum is highly investigated by means of molecular genetics, detailed studies about hyphal development during initi...
Autores principales: | , |
---|---|
Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
BioMed Central
2011
|
Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3166921/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21798058 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1471-2229-11-110 |
_version_ | 1782211206222708736 |
---|---|
author | Boenisch, Marike J Schäfer, Wilhelm |
author_facet | Boenisch, Marike J Schäfer, Wilhelm |
author_sort | Boenisch, Marike J |
collection | PubMed |
description | BACKGROUND: The mycotoxin producing fungal pathogen Fusarium graminearum is the causal agent of Fusarium head blight (FHB) of small grain cereals in fields worldwide. Although F. graminearum is highly investigated by means of molecular genetics, detailed studies about hyphal development during initial infection stages are rare. In addition, the role of mycotoxins during initial infection stages of FHB is still unknown. Therefore, we investigated the infection strategy of the fungus on different floral organs of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) under real time conditions by constitutive expression of the dsRed reporter gene in a TRI5prom::GFP mutant. Additionally, trichothecene induction during infection was visualised with a green fluorescent protein (GFP) coupled TRI5 promoter. A tissue specific infection pattern and TRI5 induction were tested by using different floral organs of wheat. Through combination of bioimaging and electron microscopy infection structures were identified and characterised. In addition, the role of trichothecene production for initial infection was elucidated by a ΔTRI5-GFP reporter strain. RESULTS: The present investigation demonstrates the formation of foot structures and compound appressoria by F. graminearum. All infection structures developed from epiphytic runner hyphae. Compound appressoria including lobate appressoria and infection cushions were observed on inoculated caryopses, paleas, lemmas, and glumes of susceptible and resistant wheat cultivars. A specific trichothecene induction in infection structures was demonstrated by different imaging techniques. Interestingly, a ΔTRI5-GFP mutant formed the same infection structures and exhibited a similar symptom development compared to the wild type and the TRI5prom::GFP mutant. CONCLUSIONS: The different specialised infection structures of F. graminearum on wheat florets, as described in this study, indicate that the penetration strategy of this fungus is far more complex than postulated to date. We show that trichothecene biosynthesis is specifically induced in infection structures, but is neither necessary for their development nor for formation of primary symptoms on wheat. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-3166921 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2011 |
publisher | BioMed Central |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-31669212011-09-06 Fusarium graminearum forms mycotoxin producing infection structures on wheat Boenisch, Marike J Schäfer, Wilhelm BMC Plant Biol Research Article BACKGROUND: The mycotoxin producing fungal pathogen Fusarium graminearum is the causal agent of Fusarium head blight (FHB) of small grain cereals in fields worldwide. Although F. graminearum is highly investigated by means of molecular genetics, detailed studies about hyphal development during initial infection stages are rare. In addition, the role of mycotoxins during initial infection stages of FHB is still unknown. Therefore, we investigated the infection strategy of the fungus on different floral organs of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) under real time conditions by constitutive expression of the dsRed reporter gene in a TRI5prom::GFP mutant. Additionally, trichothecene induction during infection was visualised with a green fluorescent protein (GFP) coupled TRI5 promoter. A tissue specific infection pattern and TRI5 induction were tested by using different floral organs of wheat. Through combination of bioimaging and electron microscopy infection structures were identified and characterised. In addition, the role of trichothecene production for initial infection was elucidated by a ΔTRI5-GFP reporter strain. RESULTS: The present investigation demonstrates the formation of foot structures and compound appressoria by F. graminearum. All infection structures developed from epiphytic runner hyphae. Compound appressoria including lobate appressoria and infection cushions were observed on inoculated caryopses, paleas, lemmas, and glumes of susceptible and resistant wheat cultivars. A specific trichothecene induction in infection structures was demonstrated by different imaging techniques. Interestingly, a ΔTRI5-GFP mutant formed the same infection structures and exhibited a similar symptom development compared to the wild type and the TRI5prom::GFP mutant. CONCLUSIONS: The different specialised infection structures of F. graminearum on wheat florets, as described in this study, indicate that the penetration strategy of this fungus is far more complex than postulated to date. We show that trichothecene biosynthesis is specifically induced in infection structures, but is neither necessary for their development nor for formation of primary symptoms on wheat. BioMed Central 2011-07-28 /pmc/articles/PMC3166921/ /pubmed/21798058 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1471-2229-11-110 Text en Copyright ©2011 Boenisch and Schäfer; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0 This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. |
spellingShingle | Research Article Boenisch, Marike J Schäfer, Wilhelm Fusarium graminearum forms mycotoxin producing infection structures on wheat |
title | Fusarium graminearum forms mycotoxin producing infection structures on wheat |
title_full | Fusarium graminearum forms mycotoxin producing infection structures on wheat |
title_fullStr | Fusarium graminearum forms mycotoxin producing infection structures on wheat |
title_full_unstemmed | Fusarium graminearum forms mycotoxin producing infection structures on wheat |
title_short | Fusarium graminearum forms mycotoxin producing infection structures on wheat |
title_sort | fusarium graminearum forms mycotoxin producing infection structures on wheat |
topic | Research Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3166921/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21798058 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1471-2229-11-110 |
work_keys_str_mv | AT boenischmarikej fusariumgraminearumformsmycotoxinproducinginfectionstructuresonwheat AT schaferwilhelm fusariumgraminearumformsmycotoxinproducinginfectionstructuresonwheat |