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Sex-specific effects of the local social environment on juvenile post-fledging dispersal in great tits

An individual’s decision to disperse from the natal habitat can affect its future fitness prospects. Especially in species with sex-biased dispersal, we expect the cost–benefit balance for dispersal to vary according to the social environment (e.g., local sex ratio and density). However, little is k...

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Autores principales: Michler, Stephanie P. M., Nicolaus, Marion, Ubels, Richard, van der Velde, Marco, Komdeur, Jan, Both, Christiaan, Tinbergen, Joost M.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Springer-Verlag 2011
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3172419/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21957327
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00265-011-1207-1
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author Michler, Stephanie P. M.
Nicolaus, Marion
Ubels, Richard
van der Velde, Marco
Komdeur, Jan
Both, Christiaan
Tinbergen, Joost M.
author_facet Michler, Stephanie P. M.
Nicolaus, Marion
Ubels, Richard
van der Velde, Marco
Komdeur, Jan
Both, Christiaan
Tinbergen, Joost M.
author_sort Michler, Stephanie P. M.
collection PubMed
description An individual’s decision to disperse from the natal habitat can affect its future fitness prospects. Especially in species with sex-biased dispersal, we expect the cost–benefit balance for dispersal to vary according to the social environment (e.g., local sex ratio and density). However, little is known about the social factors affecting dispersal decisions and about the temporal and spatial patterns of the dispersal process. In our study, we investigated experimentally the effects of the social environment on post-fledging dispersal of juvenile great tits by simultaneously manipulating the density and sex ratio of fledglings within forest plots. We expected young females in the post-fledging period mainly to compete for resources related to food and, as they are subordinate to males, we predicted higher female dispersal from male-biased plots. Juvenile males compete for vacant territories already in late summer and autumn; thus, we predicted increased male dispersal from high density and male-biased plots. We found that juvenile females had a higher probability to leave male-biased plots and had dispersed further from male-biased plots in the later post-fledging phase when juvenile males start to become territorial and more aggressive. Juvenile males were least likely to leave male-biased plots and had smallest dispersal distances from female-biased plots early after fledging. The results suggest that the social environment differentially affected the costs and benefits of philopatry for male and female juveniles. The local sex ratio of individuals is thus an important social trait to be considered for understanding sex-specific dispersal processes. ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL: The online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s00265-011-1207-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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spelling pubmed-31724192011-09-26 Sex-specific effects of the local social environment on juvenile post-fledging dispersal in great tits Michler, Stephanie P. M. Nicolaus, Marion Ubels, Richard van der Velde, Marco Komdeur, Jan Both, Christiaan Tinbergen, Joost M. Behav Ecol Sociobiol Original Paper An individual’s decision to disperse from the natal habitat can affect its future fitness prospects. Especially in species with sex-biased dispersal, we expect the cost–benefit balance for dispersal to vary according to the social environment (e.g., local sex ratio and density). However, little is known about the social factors affecting dispersal decisions and about the temporal and spatial patterns of the dispersal process. In our study, we investigated experimentally the effects of the social environment on post-fledging dispersal of juvenile great tits by simultaneously manipulating the density and sex ratio of fledglings within forest plots. We expected young females in the post-fledging period mainly to compete for resources related to food and, as they are subordinate to males, we predicted higher female dispersal from male-biased plots. Juvenile males compete for vacant territories already in late summer and autumn; thus, we predicted increased male dispersal from high density and male-biased plots. We found that juvenile females had a higher probability to leave male-biased plots and had dispersed further from male-biased plots in the later post-fledging phase when juvenile males start to become territorial and more aggressive. Juvenile males were least likely to leave male-biased plots and had smallest dispersal distances from female-biased plots early after fledging. The results suggest that the social environment differentially affected the costs and benefits of philopatry for male and female juveniles. The local sex ratio of individuals is thus an important social trait to be considered for understanding sex-specific dispersal processes. ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL: The online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s00265-011-1207-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. Springer-Verlag 2011-06-17 2011 /pmc/articles/PMC3172419/ /pubmed/21957327 http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00265-011-1207-1 Text en © The Author(s) 2011 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Noncommercial License which permits any noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author(s) and source are credited.
spellingShingle Original Paper
Michler, Stephanie P. M.
Nicolaus, Marion
Ubels, Richard
van der Velde, Marco
Komdeur, Jan
Both, Christiaan
Tinbergen, Joost M.
Sex-specific effects of the local social environment on juvenile post-fledging dispersal in great tits
title Sex-specific effects of the local social environment on juvenile post-fledging dispersal in great tits
title_full Sex-specific effects of the local social environment on juvenile post-fledging dispersal in great tits
title_fullStr Sex-specific effects of the local social environment on juvenile post-fledging dispersal in great tits
title_full_unstemmed Sex-specific effects of the local social environment on juvenile post-fledging dispersal in great tits
title_short Sex-specific effects of the local social environment on juvenile post-fledging dispersal in great tits
title_sort sex-specific effects of the local social environment on juvenile post-fledging dispersal in great tits
topic Original Paper
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3172419/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21957327
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00265-011-1207-1
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