Squamous cell carcinoma (Marjolin's ulcer) in an orocutaneous fistula of a large mandibular ameloblastoma: a case report

INTRODUCTION: Ameloblastomas are rare lesions constituting 1% of all jaw tumors. Oral squamous cell carcinomas are common lesions; these constitute about 90% of all oral cancers. Concurrent tumors consisting of ameloblastoma and squamous cell carcinoma are extremely rare. CASE PRESENTATION: This case report describes a 35-year-old African man who presented with a large mandibular tumor with an orocutaneous fistula that was found to be an ameloblastoma on histopathological examination, with concurrent squamous cell carcinoma histology within the fistula. This presentation was consistent with a Marjolin's ulcer within an ameloblastoma. CONCLUSION: Ameloblastomas and Marjolin's ulcers require different management strategies. Careful histopathological examination of surgical specimens is key to patient outcome, as treatment of these patients depends on an accurate diagnosis.