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Intracerebral Borna Disease Virus Infection of Bank Voles Leading to Peripheral Spread and Reverse Transcription of Viral RNA
Bornaviruses, which chronically infect many species, can cause severe neurological diseases in some animal species; their association with human neuropsychiatric disorders is, however, debatable. The epidemiology of Borna disease virus (BDV), as for other members of the family Bornaviridae, is large...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Public Library of Science
2011
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3174072/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21935357 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0023622 |
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author | Kinnunen, Paula Maria Inkeroinen, Hanna Ilander, Mette Kallio, Eva Riikka Heikkilä, Henna Pauliina Koskela, Esa Mappes, Tapio Palva, Airi Vaheri, Antti Kipar, Anja Vapalahti, Olli |
author_facet | Kinnunen, Paula Maria Inkeroinen, Hanna Ilander, Mette Kallio, Eva Riikka Heikkilä, Henna Pauliina Koskela, Esa Mappes, Tapio Palva, Airi Vaheri, Antti Kipar, Anja Vapalahti, Olli |
author_sort | Kinnunen, Paula Maria |
collection | PubMed |
description | Bornaviruses, which chronically infect many species, can cause severe neurological diseases in some animal species; their association with human neuropsychiatric disorders is, however, debatable. The epidemiology of Borna disease virus (BDV), as for other members of the family Bornaviridae, is largely unknown, although evidence exists for a reservoir in small mammals, for example bank voles (Myodes glareolus). In addition to the current exogenous infections and despite the fact that bornaviruses have an RNA genome, bornavirus sequences integrated into the genomes of several vertebrates millions of years ago. Our hypothesis is that the bank vole, a common wild rodent species in traditional BDV-endemic areas, can serve as a viral host; we therefore explored whether this species can be infected with BDV, and if so, how the virus spreads and whether viral RNA is transcribed into DNA in vivo. We infected neonate bank voles intracerebrally with BDV and euthanized them 2 to 8 weeks post-infection. Specific Ig antibodies were detectable in 41%. Histological evaluation revealed no significant pathological alterations, but BDV RNA and antigen were detectable in all infected brains. Immunohistology demonstrated centrifugal spread throughout the nervous tissue, because viral antigen was widespread in peripheral nerves and ganglia, including the mediastinum, esophagus, and urinary bladder. This was associated with viral shedding in feces, of which 54% were BDV RNA-positive, and urine at 17%. BDV nucleocapsid gene DNA occurred in 66% of the infected voles, and, surprisingly, occasionally also phosphoprotein DNA. Thus, intracerebral BDV infection of bank vole led to systemic infection of the nervous tissue and viral excretion, as well as frequent reverse transcription of the BDV genome, enabling genomic integration. This first experimental bornavirus infection in wild mammals confirms the recent findings regarding bornavirus DNA, and suggests that bank voles are capable of bornavirus transmission. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-3174072 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2011 |
publisher | Public Library of Science |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-31740722011-09-20 Intracerebral Borna Disease Virus Infection of Bank Voles Leading to Peripheral Spread and Reverse Transcription of Viral RNA Kinnunen, Paula Maria Inkeroinen, Hanna Ilander, Mette Kallio, Eva Riikka Heikkilä, Henna Pauliina Koskela, Esa Mappes, Tapio Palva, Airi Vaheri, Antti Kipar, Anja Vapalahti, Olli PLoS One Research Article Bornaviruses, which chronically infect many species, can cause severe neurological diseases in some animal species; their association with human neuropsychiatric disorders is, however, debatable. The epidemiology of Borna disease virus (BDV), as for other members of the family Bornaviridae, is largely unknown, although evidence exists for a reservoir in small mammals, for example bank voles (Myodes glareolus). In addition to the current exogenous infections and despite the fact that bornaviruses have an RNA genome, bornavirus sequences integrated into the genomes of several vertebrates millions of years ago. Our hypothesis is that the bank vole, a common wild rodent species in traditional BDV-endemic areas, can serve as a viral host; we therefore explored whether this species can be infected with BDV, and if so, how the virus spreads and whether viral RNA is transcribed into DNA in vivo. We infected neonate bank voles intracerebrally with BDV and euthanized them 2 to 8 weeks post-infection. Specific Ig antibodies were detectable in 41%. Histological evaluation revealed no significant pathological alterations, but BDV RNA and antigen were detectable in all infected brains. Immunohistology demonstrated centrifugal spread throughout the nervous tissue, because viral antigen was widespread in peripheral nerves and ganglia, including the mediastinum, esophagus, and urinary bladder. This was associated with viral shedding in feces, of which 54% were BDV RNA-positive, and urine at 17%. BDV nucleocapsid gene DNA occurred in 66% of the infected voles, and, surprisingly, occasionally also phosphoprotein DNA. Thus, intracerebral BDV infection of bank vole led to systemic infection of the nervous tissue and viral excretion, as well as frequent reverse transcription of the BDV genome, enabling genomic integration. This first experimental bornavirus infection in wild mammals confirms the recent findings regarding bornavirus DNA, and suggests that bank voles are capable of bornavirus transmission. Public Library of Science 2011-08-22 /pmc/articles/PMC3174072/ /pubmed/21935357 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0023622 Text en Kinnunen et al. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are properly credited. |
spellingShingle | Research Article Kinnunen, Paula Maria Inkeroinen, Hanna Ilander, Mette Kallio, Eva Riikka Heikkilä, Henna Pauliina Koskela, Esa Mappes, Tapio Palva, Airi Vaheri, Antti Kipar, Anja Vapalahti, Olli Intracerebral Borna Disease Virus Infection of Bank Voles Leading to Peripheral Spread and Reverse Transcription of Viral RNA |
title | Intracerebral Borna Disease Virus Infection of Bank Voles Leading to
Peripheral Spread and Reverse Transcription of Viral RNA |
title_full | Intracerebral Borna Disease Virus Infection of Bank Voles Leading to
Peripheral Spread and Reverse Transcription of Viral RNA |
title_fullStr | Intracerebral Borna Disease Virus Infection of Bank Voles Leading to
Peripheral Spread and Reverse Transcription of Viral RNA |
title_full_unstemmed | Intracerebral Borna Disease Virus Infection of Bank Voles Leading to
Peripheral Spread and Reverse Transcription of Viral RNA |
title_short | Intracerebral Borna Disease Virus Infection of Bank Voles Leading to
Peripheral Spread and Reverse Transcription of Viral RNA |
title_sort | intracerebral borna disease virus infection of bank voles leading to
peripheral spread and reverse transcription of viral rna |
topic | Research Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3174072/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21935357 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0023622 |
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