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Statistical Learning of Two Artificial Languages Presented Successively: How Conscious?

Statistical learning is assumed to occur automatically and implicitly, but little is known about the extent to which the representations acquired over training are available to conscious awareness. In this study, we focus on whether the knowledge acquired in a statistical learning situation is avail...

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Autores principales: Franco, Ana, Cleeremans, Axel, Destrebecqz, Arnaud
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Frontiers Research Foundation 2011
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3177082/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21960981
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2011.00229
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author Franco, Ana
Cleeremans, Axel
Destrebecqz, Arnaud
author_facet Franco, Ana
Cleeremans, Axel
Destrebecqz, Arnaud
author_sort Franco, Ana
collection PubMed
description Statistical learning is assumed to occur automatically and implicitly, but little is known about the extent to which the representations acquired over training are available to conscious awareness. In this study, we focus on whether the knowledge acquired in a statistical learning situation is available to conscious control. Participants were first exposed to an artificial language presented auditorily. Immediately thereafter, they were exposed to a second artificial language. Both languages were composed of the same corpus of syllables and differed only in the transitional probabilities. We first determined that both languages were equally learnable (Experiment 1) and that participants could learn the two languages and differentiate between them (Experiment 2). Then, in Experiment 3, we used an adaptation of the Process-Dissociation Procedure (Jacoby, 1991) to explore whether participants could consciously manipulate the acquired knowledge. Results suggest that statistical information can be used to parse and differentiate between two different artificial languages, and that the resulting representations are available to conscious control.
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spelling pubmed-31770822011-09-29 Statistical Learning of Two Artificial Languages Presented Successively: How Conscious? Franco, Ana Cleeremans, Axel Destrebecqz, Arnaud Front Psychol Psychology Statistical learning is assumed to occur automatically and implicitly, but little is known about the extent to which the representations acquired over training are available to conscious awareness. In this study, we focus on whether the knowledge acquired in a statistical learning situation is available to conscious control. Participants were first exposed to an artificial language presented auditorily. Immediately thereafter, they were exposed to a second artificial language. Both languages were composed of the same corpus of syllables and differed only in the transitional probabilities. We first determined that both languages were equally learnable (Experiment 1) and that participants could learn the two languages and differentiate between them (Experiment 2). Then, in Experiment 3, we used an adaptation of the Process-Dissociation Procedure (Jacoby, 1991) to explore whether participants could consciously manipulate the acquired knowledge. Results suggest that statistical information can be used to parse and differentiate between two different artificial languages, and that the resulting representations are available to conscious control. Frontiers Research Foundation 2011-09-21 /pmc/articles/PMC3177082/ /pubmed/21960981 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2011.00229 Text en Copyright © 2011 Franco, Cleeremans and Destrebecqz. http://www.frontiersin.org/licenseagreement This is an open-access article subject to a non-exclusive license between the authors and Frontiers Media SA, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in other forums, provided the original authors and source are credited and other Frontiers conditions are complied with.
spellingShingle Psychology
Franco, Ana
Cleeremans, Axel
Destrebecqz, Arnaud
Statistical Learning of Two Artificial Languages Presented Successively: How Conscious?
title Statistical Learning of Two Artificial Languages Presented Successively: How Conscious?
title_full Statistical Learning of Two Artificial Languages Presented Successively: How Conscious?
title_fullStr Statistical Learning of Two Artificial Languages Presented Successively: How Conscious?
title_full_unstemmed Statistical Learning of Two Artificial Languages Presented Successively: How Conscious?
title_short Statistical Learning of Two Artificial Languages Presented Successively: How Conscious?
title_sort statistical learning of two artificial languages presented successively: how conscious?
topic Psychology
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3177082/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21960981
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2011.00229
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