Mechanisms of Control of the Free Ca(2+) Concentration in the Endoplasmic Reticulum of Mouse Pancreatic β-Cells: Interplay With Cell Metabolism and [Ca(2+)](c) and Role of SERCA2b and SERCA3

OBJECTIVE: Sarco-endoplasmic reticulum Ca(2+)-ATPase 2b (SERCA2b) and SERCA3 pump Ca(2+) in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) of pancreatic β-cells. We studied their role in the control of the free ER Ca(2+) concentration ([Ca(2+)](ER)) and the role of SERCA3 in the control of insulin secretion and ER stress. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: β-Cell [Ca(2+)](ER) of SERCA3(+/+) and SERCA3(−/−) mice was monitored with an adenovirus encoding the low Ca(2+)-affinity sensor D4 addressed to the ER (D4ER) under the control of the insulin promoter. Free cytosolic Ca(2+) concentration ([Ca(2+)](c)) and [Ca(2+)](ER) were simultaneously recorded. Insulin secretion and mRNA levels of ER stress genes were studied. RESULTS: Glucose elicited synchronized [Ca(2+)](ER) and [Ca(2+)](c) oscillations. [Ca(2+)](ER) oscillations were smaller in SERCA3(−/−) than in SERCA3(+/+) β-cells. Stimulating cell metabolism with various [glucose] in the presence of diazoxide induced a similar dose-dependent [Ca(2+)](ER) rise in SERCA3(+/+) and SERCA3(−/−) β-cells. In a Ca(2+)-free medium, glucose moderately raised [Ca(2+)](ER) from a highly buffered cytosolic Ca(2+) pool. Increasing [Ca(2+)](c) with high [K] elicited a [Ca(2+)](ER) rise that was larger but more transient in SERCA3(+/+) than SERCA3(−/−) β-cells because of the activation of a Ca(2+) release from the ER in SERCA3(+/+) β-cells. Glucose-induced insulin release was larger in SERCA3(−/−) than SERCA3(+/+) islets. SERCA3 ablation did not induce ER stress. CONCLUSIONS: [Ca(2+)](c) and [Ca(2+)](ER) oscillate in phase in response to glucose. Upon [Ca(2+)](c) increase, Ca(2+) is taken up by SERCA2b and SERCA3. Strong Ca(2+) influx triggers a Ca(2+) release from the ER that depends on SERCA3. SERCA3 deficiency neither impairs Ca(2+) uptake by the ER upon cell metabolism acceleration and insulin release nor induces ER stress.