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Salinity tolerance ecophysiology of Equisetum giganteum in South America: a study of 11 sites providing a natural gradient of salinity stress
BACKGROUND AND AIMS: The basic set of adaptations necessary for salinity tolerance in vascular plants remains unknown. Although much has been published on salinity stress, almost all studies deal with spermatophytes. Studies of salinity tolerance in pteridophytes are relatively rare but hold promise...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Oxford University Press
2011
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3178842/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22476492 http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/aobpla/plr022 |
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author | Husby, Chad E. Delatorre, José Oreste, Vittorio Oberbauer, Steven F. Palow, Danielle T. Novara, Lázaro Grau, Alfredo |
author_facet | Husby, Chad E. Delatorre, José Oreste, Vittorio Oberbauer, Steven F. Palow, Danielle T. Novara, Lázaro Grau, Alfredo |
author_sort | Husby, Chad E. |
collection | PubMed |
description | BACKGROUND AND AIMS: The basic set of adaptations necessary for salinity tolerance in vascular plants remains unknown. Although much has been published on salinity stress, almost all studies deal with spermatophytes. Studies of salinity tolerance in pteridophytes are relatively rare but hold promise for revealing the fundamental adaptations that all salt-tolerant vascular plants may share. The most basal pteridophytes to exhibit salinity tolerance are members of the genus Equisetum, including the giant horsetail, Equisetum giganteum, the only pteridophyte to occur in salinity-affected regions of the Atacama Desert valleys of northern Chile. Here it can constitute a significant vegetation component, forming dense stands of shoots >4 m high. METHODOLOGY: Physiological parameters (stomatal conductances; efficiency of photosystem II; sap osmotic potential) were measured in E. giganteum populations in northern Chile across a range of groundwater salinities at 11 sites. In addition, Na, K, electrical conductivity and total plant water potential were measured in the plants and groundwater from each site. PRINCIPAL RESULTS: Equisetum giganteum exhibits similar stomatal conductances and photochemical efficiencies of photosystem II across a wide range of groundwater salinities. It lowers cell sap osmotic potential with increasing salinity and produces positive root pressure, as evidenced by guttation, at the full range of salinities experienced in the Atacama Desert. Equisetum giganteum maintains low Na concentrations in its xylem fluid and cell sap when soil water Na is high. It also maintains high K/Na ratios in xylem fluid and cell sap when soil water has low K/Na ratios. CONCLUSIONS: Equisetum giganteum is well adapted to salinity stress. Efficient K uptake and Na exclusion are important adaptations and closely similar to those of the facultative halophyte fern Acrostichum aureum. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-3178842 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2011 |
publisher | Oxford University Press |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-31788422011-09-23 Salinity tolerance ecophysiology of Equisetum giganteum in South America: a study of 11 sites providing a natural gradient of salinity stress Husby, Chad E. Delatorre, José Oreste, Vittorio Oberbauer, Steven F. Palow, Danielle T. Novara, Lázaro Grau, Alfredo AoB Plants Research Articles BACKGROUND AND AIMS: The basic set of adaptations necessary for salinity tolerance in vascular plants remains unknown. Although much has been published on salinity stress, almost all studies deal with spermatophytes. Studies of salinity tolerance in pteridophytes are relatively rare but hold promise for revealing the fundamental adaptations that all salt-tolerant vascular plants may share. The most basal pteridophytes to exhibit salinity tolerance are members of the genus Equisetum, including the giant horsetail, Equisetum giganteum, the only pteridophyte to occur in salinity-affected regions of the Atacama Desert valleys of northern Chile. Here it can constitute a significant vegetation component, forming dense stands of shoots >4 m high. METHODOLOGY: Physiological parameters (stomatal conductances; efficiency of photosystem II; sap osmotic potential) were measured in E. giganteum populations in northern Chile across a range of groundwater salinities at 11 sites. In addition, Na, K, electrical conductivity and total plant water potential were measured in the plants and groundwater from each site. PRINCIPAL RESULTS: Equisetum giganteum exhibits similar stomatal conductances and photochemical efficiencies of photosystem II across a wide range of groundwater salinities. It lowers cell sap osmotic potential with increasing salinity and produces positive root pressure, as evidenced by guttation, at the full range of salinities experienced in the Atacama Desert. Equisetum giganteum maintains low Na concentrations in its xylem fluid and cell sap when soil water Na is high. It also maintains high K/Na ratios in xylem fluid and cell sap when soil water has low K/Na ratios. CONCLUSIONS: Equisetum giganteum is well adapted to salinity stress. Efficient K uptake and Na exclusion are important adaptations and closely similar to those of the facultative halophyte fern Acrostichum aureum. Oxford University Press 2011 2011-08-12 /pmc/articles/PMC3178842/ /pubmed/22476492 http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/aobpla/plr022 Text en Published by Oxford University Press http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/2.5/ This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/2.5/uk/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. |
spellingShingle | Research Articles Husby, Chad E. Delatorre, José Oreste, Vittorio Oberbauer, Steven F. Palow, Danielle T. Novara, Lázaro Grau, Alfredo Salinity tolerance ecophysiology of Equisetum giganteum in South America: a study of 11 sites providing a natural gradient of salinity stress |
title | Salinity tolerance ecophysiology of Equisetum giganteum in South America: a study of 11 sites providing a natural gradient of salinity stress |
title_full | Salinity tolerance ecophysiology of Equisetum giganteum in South America: a study of 11 sites providing a natural gradient of salinity stress |
title_fullStr | Salinity tolerance ecophysiology of Equisetum giganteum in South America: a study of 11 sites providing a natural gradient of salinity stress |
title_full_unstemmed | Salinity tolerance ecophysiology of Equisetum giganteum in South America: a study of 11 sites providing a natural gradient of salinity stress |
title_short | Salinity tolerance ecophysiology of Equisetum giganteum in South America: a study of 11 sites providing a natural gradient of salinity stress |
title_sort | salinity tolerance ecophysiology of equisetum giganteum in south america: a study of 11 sites providing a natural gradient of salinity stress |
topic | Research Articles |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3178842/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22476492 http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/aobpla/plr022 |
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