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Developments in antipsychotic therapy with regard to hypotheses for schizophrenia

The typical antipsychotic drugs like chlorpromazine and haloperidol were discovered by serendipity in the 1950s. A number of so-called “me too” drugs with similar chemical structures and modes of action were marketed in the subsequent years. The first atypical antipsychotic, clozapine, was an except...

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Autores principales: Ackenheil, Manfred, Weber, Klaus
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Les Laboratoires Servier 2002
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3181697/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22034064
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author Ackenheil, Manfred
Weber, Klaus
author_facet Ackenheil, Manfred
Weber, Klaus
author_sort Ackenheil, Manfred
collection PubMed
description The typical antipsychotic drugs like chlorpromazine and haloperidol were discovered by serendipity in the 1950s. A number of so-called “me too” drugs with similar chemical structures and modes of action were marketed in the subsequent years. The first atypical antipsychotic, clozapine, was an exception because it lacked some of the pharmacological properties of the typical antipsychotics related to the extrapyrimidal motor system. This unique feature of clozapine significantly broadened understanding of the mode of action of antipsychotics, and created new hypotheses for schizophrenia. Hypothesis-orientated development of new drugs was only recently initiated. Abnormalities of the immune system in schizophrenia are being increasingly discussed: shifts in the levels of T helper cells subsets 1 and 2 (Th1 and Th2) have been observed, and studies with risperidone and the cyclooxengenase (COX2) inhibitor celecoxib as an add-on therapy have provided very promising results. The glutamate N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors have also been investigated in relation to neuropathological abnormalities in prefrontal areas of the brain of patients with schizophrenia. This may lead to new technologies like artificial networks related to the glutamate NMDA receptor system. New molecular biological techniques used in pharmacogenomics and proteomics offer new and exciting directions for future drug developments.
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spelling pubmed-31816972011-10-27 Developments in antipsychotic therapy with regard to hypotheses for schizophrenia Ackenheil, Manfred Weber, Klaus Dialogues Clin Neurosci Pharmacological Aspects The typical antipsychotic drugs like chlorpromazine and haloperidol were discovered by serendipity in the 1950s. A number of so-called “me too” drugs with similar chemical structures and modes of action were marketed in the subsequent years. The first atypical antipsychotic, clozapine, was an exception because it lacked some of the pharmacological properties of the typical antipsychotics related to the extrapyrimidal motor system. This unique feature of clozapine significantly broadened understanding of the mode of action of antipsychotics, and created new hypotheses for schizophrenia. Hypothesis-orientated development of new drugs was only recently initiated. Abnormalities of the immune system in schizophrenia are being increasingly discussed: shifts in the levels of T helper cells subsets 1 and 2 (Th1 and Th2) have been observed, and studies with risperidone and the cyclooxengenase (COX2) inhibitor celecoxib as an add-on therapy have provided very promising results. The glutamate N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors have also been investigated in relation to neuropathological abnormalities in prefrontal areas of the brain of patients with schizophrenia. This may lead to new technologies like artificial networks related to the glutamate NMDA receptor system. New molecular biological techniques used in pharmacogenomics and proteomics offer new and exciting directions for future drug developments. Les Laboratoires Servier 2002-12 /pmc/articles/PMC3181697/ /pubmed/22034064 Text en Copyright: © 2002 LLS http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
spellingShingle Pharmacological Aspects
Ackenheil, Manfred
Weber, Klaus
Developments in antipsychotic therapy with regard to hypotheses for schizophrenia
title Developments in antipsychotic therapy with regard to hypotheses for schizophrenia
title_full Developments in antipsychotic therapy with regard to hypotheses for schizophrenia
title_fullStr Developments in antipsychotic therapy with regard to hypotheses for schizophrenia
title_full_unstemmed Developments in antipsychotic therapy with regard to hypotheses for schizophrenia
title_short Developments in antipsychotic therapy with regard to hypotheses for schizophrenia
title_sort developments in antipsychotic therapy with regard to hypotheses for schizophrenia
topic Pharmacological Aspects
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3181697/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22034064
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