Biventricular pacing and heterogeneity of ventricular repolarization in heart failure patients

OBJECTIVE: The aim of our study was to evaluate the effect of cardiac resyncronization therapy (CRT) on QT dispersion (QTd), JT dispersion (JTd) and transmural dispersion of re-polarization (TDR), markers of heterogeneity of ventricular repolarization in a study population with severe heart failure. METHODS AND RESULTS: Fifty patients (43 male, 7 female, aged 60.2 ± 3.1 years) suffering from congestive heart failure (N = 39 NYHA class III; N = 11 NYHA class IV) as a result of coronary artery disease (N = 19) or of dilated cardiomyopathy (N = 31), sinus rhythm, QRS duration >130 ms (mean QRS duration >156 ± 21 ms), an ejection fraction < 35%, left ventricular end-diastolic diameter >55 mm, underwent permanent biventricular DDDR pacemaker implantation. A 12-lead standard electrocardiogram was performed at baseline, during right-, left-, and biventricular pacing and QTd, JTd and TDR were assessed. Biventricular pacing significantly reduced QTd (73.93 ± 19.4 ms during BiVP vs 91 ± 6.7 ms at sinus rhythm, p = 0.004), JTd (73.18 ± 17.16 ms during BiVP vs 100.72 ± 39.04 at baseline p = 0.003), TDR (93.16 ± 15.60 vs 101.55 ± 19.08 at baseline; p<0.004), as compared to sinus rhythm. Right ventricular endocardial pacing and left ventricular epicardial pacing both enhanced QTd (RVendoP 94 ± 51 ms, p<0.03; LVepiP 116 ±71 ms, p<0.02) and TDR (RVendoP 108.13 ± 19.94 ms; p<0.002; LVepiP 114.71 ± 26.1; p<0.05).There was no effect on JTd during right and left ventricular stimulation. CONCLUSIONS: Biventricular pacing causes a statistically significant reduction of ventricular heterogeneity of ripolarization and has an electrophysiological antiarrhythmic influence on arrhythmogenic substrate of dilatative cardiomiopathy.