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The Natural Killer Cell Cytotoxic Function Is Modulated by HIV-1 Accessory Proteins
Natural killer (NK) cells’ major role in the control of viruses is to eliminate established infected cells. The capacity of NK cells to kill virus-infected cells is dependent on the interactions between ligands on the infected cell and receptors on the NK cell surface. Because of the importance of l...
Autores principales: | , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
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Molecular Diversity Preservation International (MDPI)
2011
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3185792/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21994772 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v3071091 |
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author | Sowrirajan, Bharatwaj Barker, Edward |
author_facet | Sowrirajan, Bharatwaj Barker, Edward |
author_sort | Sowrirajan, Bharatwaj |
collection | PubMed |
description | Natural killer (NK) cells’ major role in the control of viruses is to eliminate established infected cells. The capacity of NK cells to kill virus-infected cells is dependent on the interactions between ligands on the infected cell and receptors on the NK cell surface. Because of the importance of ligand-receptor interactions in modulating the NK cell cytotoxic response, HIV has developed strategies to regulate various NK cell ligands making the infected cell surprisingly refractory to NK cell lysis. This is perplexing because the HIV-1 accessory protein Vpr induces expression of ligands for the NK cell activating receptor, NKG2D. In addition, the accessory protein Nef removes the inhibitory ligands HLA-A and -B. The reason for the ineffective killing by NK cells despite the strong potential to eliminate infected cells is due to HIV-1 Vpu’s ability to down modulate the co-activation ligand, NTB-A, from the cell surface. Down modulation of NTB-A prevents efficient NK cell degranulation. This review will focus on the mechanisms through which the HIV-1 accessory proteins modulate their respective ligands, and its implication for NK cell killing of HIV-infected cells. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-3185792 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2011 |
publisher | Molecular Diversity Preservation International (MDPI) |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-31857922011-10-12 The Natural Killer Cell Cytotoxic Function Is Modulated by HIV-1 Accessory Proteins Sowrirajan, Bharatwaj Barker, Edward Viruses Review Natural killer (NK) cells’ major role in the control of viruses is to eliminate established infected cells. The capacity of NK cells to kill virus-infected cells is dependent on the interactions between ligands on the infected cell and receptors on the NK cell surface. Because of the importance of ligand-receptor interactions in modulating the NK cell cytotoxic response, HIV has developed strategies to regulate various NK cell ligands making the infected cell surprisingly refractory to NK cell lysis. This is perplexing because the HIV-1 accessory protein Vpr induces expression of ligands for the NK cell activating receptor, NKG2D. In addition, the accessory protein Nef removes the inhibitory ligands HLA-A and -B. The reason for the ineffective killing by NK cells despite the strong potential to eliminate infected cells is due to HIV-1 Vpu’s ability to down modulate the co-activation ligand, NTB-A, from the cell surface. Down modulation of NTB-A prevents efficient NK cell degranulation. This review will focus on the mechanisms through which the HIV-1 accessory proteins modulate their respective ligands, and its implication for NK cell killing of HIV-infected cells. Molecular Diversity Preservation International (MDPI) 2011-07-08 /pmc/articles/PMC3185792/ /pubmed/21994772 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v3071091 Text en © 2011 by the authors; licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/). |
spellingShingle | Review Sowrirajan, Bharatwaj Barker, Edward The Natural Killer Cell Cytotoxic Function Is Modulated by HIV-1 Accessory Proteins |
title | The Natural Killer Cell Cytotoxic Function Is Modulated by HIV-1 Accessory Proteins |
title_full | The Natural Killer Cell Cytotoxic Function Is Modulated by HIV-1 Accessory Proteins |
title_fullStr | The Natural Killer Cell Cytotoxic Function Is Modulated by HIV-1 Accessory Proteins |
title_full_unstemmed | The Natural Killer Cell Cytotoxic Function Is Modulated by HIV-1 Accessory Proteins |
title_short | The Natural Killer Cell Cytotoxic Function Is Modulated by HIV-1 Accessory Proteins |
title_sort | natural killer cell cytotoxic function is modulated by hiv-1 accessory proteins |
topic | Review |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3185792/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21994772 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v3071091 |
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