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The Natural Killer Cell Cytotoxic Function Is Modulated by HIV-1 Accessory Proteins

Natural killer (NK) cells’ major role in the control of viruses is to eliminate established infected cells. The capacity of NK cells to kill virus-infected cells is dependent on the interactions between ligands on the infected cell and receptors on the NK cell surface. Because of the importance of l...

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Autores principales: Sowrirajan, Bharatwaj, Barker, Edward
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Molecular Diversity Preservation International (MDPI) 2011
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3185792/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21994772
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v3071091
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author Sowrirajan, Bharatwaj
Barker, Edward
author_facet Sowrirajan, Bharatwaj
Barker, Edward
author_sort Sowrirajan, Bharatwaj
collection PubMed
description Natural killer (NK) cells’ major role in the control of viruses is to eliminate established infected cells. The capacity of NK cells to kill virus-infected cells is dependent on the interactions between ligands on the infected cell and receptors on the NK cell surface. Because of the importance of ligand-receptor interactions in modulating the NK cell cytotoxic response, HIV has developed strategies to regulate various NK cell ligands making the infected cell surprisingly refractory to NK cell lysis. This is perplexing because the HIV-1 accessory protein Vpr induces expression of ligands for the NK cell activating receptor, NKG2D. In addition, the accessory protein Nef removes the inhibitory ligands HLA-A and -B. The reason for the ineffective killing by NK cells despite the strong potential to eliminate infected cells is due to HIV-1 Vpu’s ability to down modulate the co-activation ligand, NTB-A, from the cell surface. Down modulation of NTB-A prevents efficient NK cell degranulation. This review will focus on the mechanisms through which the HIV-1 accessory proteins modulate their respective ligands, and its implication for NK cell killing of HIV-infected cells.
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spelling pubmed-31857922011-10-12 The Natural Killer Cell Cytotoxic Function Is Modulated by HIV-1 Accessory Proteins Sowrirajan, Bharatwaj Barker, Edward Viruses Review Natural killer (NK) cells’ major role in the control of viruses is to eliminate established infected cells. The capacity of NK cells to kill virus-infected cells is dependent on the interactions between ligands on the infected cell and receptors on the NK cell surface. Because of the importance of ligand-receptor interactions in modulating the NK cell cytotoxic response, HIV has developed strategies to regulate various NK cell ligands making the infected cell surprisingly refractory to NK cell lysis. This is perplexing because the HIV-1 accessory protein Vpr induces expression of ligands for the NK cell activating receptor, NKG2D. In addition, the accessory protein Nef removes the inhibitory ligands HLA-A and -B. The reason for the ineffective killing by NK cells despite the strong potential to eliminate infected cells is due to HIV-1 Vpu’s ability to down modulate the co-activation ligand, NTB-A, from the cell surface. Down modulation of NTB-A prevents efficient NK cell degranulation. This review will focus on the mechanisms through which the HIV-1 accessory proteins modulate their respective ligands, and its implication for NK cell killing of HIV-infected cells. Molecular Diversity Preservation International (MDPI) 2011-07-08 /pmc/articles/PMC3185792/ /pubmed/21994772 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v3071091 Text en © 2011 by the authors; licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/).
spellingShingle Review
Sowrirajan, Bharatwaj
Barker, Edward
The Natural Killer Cell Cytotoxic Function Is Modulated by HIV-1 Accessory Proteins
title The Natural Killer Cell Cytotoxic Function Is Modulated by HIV-1 Accessory Proteins
title_full The Natural Killer Cell Cytotoxic Function Is Modulated by HIV-1 Accessory Proteins
title_fullStr The Natural Killer Cell Cytotoxic Function Is Modulated by HIV-1 Accessory Proteins
title_full_unstemmed The Natural Killer Cell Cytotoxic Function Is Modulated by HIV-1 Accessory Proteins
title_short The Natural Killer Cell Cytotoxic Function Is Modulated by HIV-1 Accessory Proteins
title_sort natural killer cell cytotoxic function is modulated by hiv-1 accessory proteins
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3185792/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21994772
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v3071091
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