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The Prevalence and Significance of HTLV-I/II Seroindeterminate Western Blot Patterns
Human T-lymphotropic virus type I (HTLV-I) infects an estimated 15–20 million persons worldwide. A number of diseases have been associated with the virus including adult T-cell leukemia (ATL), HTLV-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP), HTLV-I uveitis, and HTLV-I-associated in...
Autores principales: | , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
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Molecular Diversity Preservation International (MDPI)
2011
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Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3185804/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21994781 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v3081320 |
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author | Abrams, Anna Akahata, Yoshimi Jacobson, Steven |
author_facet | Abrams, Anna Akahata, Yoshimi Jacobson, Steven |
author_sort | Abrams, Anna |
collection | PubMed |
description | Human T-lymphotropic virus type I (HTLV-I) infects an estimated 15–20 million persons worldwide. A number of diseases have been associated with the virus including adult T-cell leukemia (ATL), HTLV-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP), HTLV-I uveitis, and HTLV-I-associated infective dermatitis. Once it was shown that there is an increased risk for developing HAM/TSP associated with blood transfusion, screening for HTLV-1 among blood banks was implemented in Japan, United States, France, and the Netherlands. This process includes detection by an enzyme immunoassay (EIA) followed by a confirmatory Western blot (WB) in which recombinant proteins specific for HTLV-I Env glycoproteins are incorporated into WB strips. HTLV-I seropositive results are defined by the presence of antibodies against either gp46 or gp62/68 (both Env protein bands) and either p19, p24, or p53 (one of the gag bands). HTLV-II seropositivity is confirmed by the presence of rgp46-II. However, numerous cases have been documented in which serum samples are reactive by EIA, but an incomplete banding pattern is displayed by subsequent confirmatory WB. Although the significance of these HTLV-I/II seroindeterminates is unclear, it may suggest a much higher incidence of exposure to HTLV-I/II than previously estimated. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-3185804 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2011 |
publisher | Molecular Diversity Preservation International (MDPI) |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-31858042011-10-12 The Prevalence and Significance of HTLV-I/II Seroindeterminate Western Blot Patterns Abrams, Anna Akahata, Yoshimi Jacobson, Steven Viruses Review Human T-lymphotropic virus type I (HTLV-I) infects an estimated 15–20 million persons worldwide. A number of diseases have been associated with the virus including adult T-cell leukemia (ATL), HTLV-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP), HTLV-I uveitis, and HTLV-I-associated infective dermatitis. Once it was shown that there is an increased risk for developing HAM/TSP associated with blood transfusion, screening for HTLV-1 among blood banks was implemented in Japan, United States, France, and the Netherlands. This process includes detection by an enzyme immunoassay (EIA) followed by a confirmatory Western blot (WB) in which recombinant proteins specific for HTLV-I Env glycoproteins are incorporated into WB strips. HTLV-I seropositive results are defined by the presence of antibodies against either gp46 or gp62/68 (both Env protein bands) and either p19, p24, or p53 (one of the gag bands). HTLV-II seropositivity is confirmed by the presence of rgp46-II. However, numerous cases have been documented in which serum samples are reactive by EIA, but an incomplete banding pattern is displayed by subsequent confirmatory WB. Although the significance of these HTLV-I/II seroindeterminates is unclear, it may suggest a much higher incidence of exposure to HTLV-I/II than previously estimated. Molecular Diversity Preservation International (MDPI) 2011-08-02 /pmc/articles/PMC3185804/ /pubmed/21994781 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v3081320 Text en © 2011 by the authors; licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0 This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/). |
spellingShingle | Review Abrams, Anna Akahata, Yoshimi Jacobson, Steven The Prevalence and Significance of HTLV-I/II Seroindeterminate Western Blot Patterns |
title | The Prevalence and Significance of HTLV-I/II Seroindeterminate Western Blot Patterns |
title_full | The Prevalence and Significance of HTLV-I/II Seroindeterminate Western Blot Patterns |
title_fullStr | The Prevalence and Significance of HTLV-I/II Seroindeterminate Western Blot Patterns |
title_full_unstemmed | The Prevalence and Significance of HTLV-I/II Seroindeterminate Western Blot Patterns |
title_short | The Prevalence and Significance of HTLV-I/II Seroindeterminate Western Blot Patterns |
title_sort | prevalence and significance of htlv-i/ii seroindeterminate western blot patterns |
topic | Review |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3185804/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21994781 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v3081320 |
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