Cargando…
RAS/RAF/MEK/ERK and PI3K/PTEN/AKT Signaling in Malignant Melanoma Progression and Therapy
Cutaneous malignant melanoma is one of the most serious skin cancers and is highly invasive and markedly resistant to conventional therapy. Melanomagenesis is initially triggered by environmental agents including ultraviolet (UV), which induces genetic/epigenetic alterations in the chromosomes of me...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , , , |
---|---|
Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Hindawi Publishing Corporation
2012
|
Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3195305/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22013435 http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/354191 |
_version_ | 1782214111949488128 |
---|---|
author | Yajima, Ichiro Kumasaka, Mayuko Y. Thang, Nguyen Dinh Goto, Yuji Takeda, Kozue Yamanoshita, Osamu Iida, Machiko Ohgami, Nobutaka Tamura, Haruka Kawamoto, Yoshiyuki Kato, Masashi |
author_facet | Yajima, Ichiro Kumasaka, Mayuko Y. Thang, Nguyen Dinh Goto, Yuji Takeda, Kozue Yamanoshita, Osamu Iida, Machiko Ohgami, Nobutaka Tamura, Haruka Kawamoto, Yoshiyuki Kato, Masashi |
author_sort | Yajima, Ichiro |
collection | PubMed |
description | Cutaneous malignant melanoma is one of the most serious skin cancers and is highly invasive and markedly resistant to conventional therapy. Melanomagenesis is initially triggered by environmental agents including ultraviolet (UV), which induces genetic/epigenetic alterations in the chromosomes of melanocytes. In human melanomas, the RAS/RAF/MEK/ERK (MAPK) and the PI3K/PTEN/AKT (AKT) signaling pathways are two major signaling pathways and are constitutively activated through genetic alterations. Mutations of RAF, RAS, and PTEN contribute to antiapoptosis, abnormal proliferation, angiogenesis, and invasion for melanoma development and progression. To find better approaches to therapies for patients, understanding these MAPK and AKT signaling mechanisms of melanoma development and progression is important. Here, we review MAPK and AKT signaling networks associated with melanoma development and progression. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-3195305 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2012 |
publisher | Hindawi Publishing Corporation |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-31953052011-10-19 RAS/RAF/MEK/ERK and PI3K/PTEN/AKT Signaling in Malignant Melanoma Progression and Therapy Yajima, Ichiro Kumasaka, Mayuko Y. Thang, Nguyen Dinh Goto, Yuji Takeda, Kozue Yamanoshita, Osamu Iida, Machiko Ohgami, Nobutaka Tamura, Haruka Kawamoto, Yoshiyuki Kato, Masashi Dermatol Res Pract Review Article Cutaneous malignant melanoma is one of the most serious skin cancers and is highly invasive and markedly resistant to conventional therapy. Melanomagenesis is initially triggered by environmental agents including ultraviolet (UV), which induces genetic/epigenetic alterations in the chromosomes of melanocytes. In human melanomas, the RAS/RAF/MEK/ERK (MAPK) and the PI3K/PTEN/AKT (AKT) signaling pathways are two major signaling pathways and are constitutively activated through genetic alterations. Mutations of RAF, RAS, and PTEN contribute to antiapoptosis, abnormal proliferation, angiogenesis, and invasion for melanoma development and progression. To find better approaches to therapies for patients, understanding these MAPK and AKT signaling mechanisms of melanoma development and progression is important. Here, we review MAPK and AKT signaling networks associated with melanoma development and progression. Hindawi Publishing Corporation 2012 2011-10-12 /pmc/articles/PMC3195305/ /pubmed/22013435 http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/354191 Text en Copyright © 2012 Ichiro Yajima et al. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. |
spellingShingle | Review Article Yajima, Ichiro Kumasaka, Mayuko Y. Thang, Nguyen Dinh Goto, Yuji Takeda, Kozue Yamanoshita, Osamu Iida, Machiko Ohgami, Nobutaka Tamura, Haruka Kawamoto, Yoshiyuki Kato, Masashi RAS/RAF/MEK/ERK and PI3K/PTEN/AKT Signaling in Malignant Melanoma Progression and Therapy |
title | RAS/RAF/MEK/ERK and PI3K/PTEN/AKT Signaling in Malignant Melanoma Progression and Therapy |
title_full | RAS/RAF/MEK/ERK and PI3K/PTEN/AKT Signaling in Malignant Melanoma Progression and Therapy |
title_fullStr | RAS/RAF/MEK/ERK and PI3K/PTEN/AKT Signaling in Malignant Melanoma Progression and Therapy |
title_full_unstemmed | RAS/RAF/MEK/ERK and PI3K/PTEN/AKT Signaling in Malignant Melanoma Progression and Therapy |
title_short | RAS/RAF/MEK/ERK and PI3K/PTEN/AKT Signaling in Malignant Melanoma Progression and Therapy |
title_sort | ras/raf/mek/erk and pi3k/pten/akt signaling in malignant melanoma progression and therapy |
topic | Review Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3195305/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22013435 http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/354191 |
work_keys_str_mv | AT yajimaichiro rasrafmekerkandpi3kptenaktsignalinginmalignantmelanomaprogressionandtherapy AT kumasakamayukoy rasrafmekerkandpi3kptenaktsignalinginmalignantmelanomaprogressionandtherapy AT thangnguyendinh rasrafmekerkandpi3kptenaktsignalinginmalignantmelanomaprogressionandtherapy AT gotoyuji rasrafmekerkandpi3kptenaktsignalinginmalignantmelanomaprogressionandtherapy AT takedakozue rasrafmekerkandpi3kptenaktsignalinginmalignantmelanomaprogressionandtherapy AT yamanoshitaosamu rasrafmekerkandpi3kptenaktsignalinginmalignantmelanomaprogressionandtherapy AT iidamachiko rasrafmekerkandpi3kptenaktsignalinginmalignantmelanomaprogressionandtherapy AT ohgaminobutaka rasrafmekerkandpi3kptenaktsignalinginmalignantmelanomaprogressionandtherapy AT tamuraharuka rasrafmekerkandpi3kptenaktsignalinginmalignantmelanomaprogressionandtherapy AT kawamotoyoshiyuki rasrafmekerkandpi3kptenaktsignalinginmalignantmelanomaprogressionandtherapy AT katomasashi rasrafmekerkandpi3kptenaktsignalinginmalignantmelanomaprogressionandtherapy |