Complications Following Expander/Implant Breast Reconstruction Utilizing Acellular Dermal Matrix: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Background: The recent increase in popularity of acellular dermal matrix assistance in immediate expander/implant breast reconstruction has led to variety of viewpoints. Many studies are published indicating an increase in complications with the use of acellular dermal matrix, while others indicate there is no increase in complications. Methods: This meta-analysis utilizes information from available studies that directly compare one specific type of acellular dermal matrix with traditional methods of immediate expander/implant breast reconstruction. Eight studies were found through a meticulous literature search that met these criteria. Results: There was more than a 2-fold increase in the number of infections and explanations in the acellular dermal matrix group compared to the control. There was a 3-fold increase in seroma formation in the acellular dermal matrix group compared to the control. There was a significant difference of intraoperative fill volumes between the acellular dermal matrix group compared to the control. Conclusions: This study illustrates that after pooling all available date regarding the use of acellular dermal matrix in immediate expander/implant breast reconstruction there appears to be an increased rate of complications. However, the increased intraoperative fill volume may lead to ultimately greater patient satisfaction.