The Role of Radiotherapy in Endometrial Cancer: Current Evidence and Trends

Adjuvant treatment of patients with endometrial cancer is tailored to clinical-pathological prognostic factors. Pelvic radiation therapy for stage I endometrial cancer (EC) provides a highly significant improvement of local control, but without survival advantage. Low-risk EC patients have a very favorable prognosis, and should be observed after surgery. Use of adjuvant radiotherapy (RT) is limited to patients with high-intermediate or high-risk factors. For those with high-intermediate risk features, vaginal brachytherapy alone provides excellent vaginal control with less morbidity and better quality of life than pelvic external beam RT (EBRT). For patients with stage I–III EC with high-risk features, the use of adjuvant chemotherapy alone has not shown survival benefit as compared to pelvic EBRT. A first trial comparing pelvic EBRT with or without adjuvant chemotherapy has shown better progression-free survival with combined therapy. Current ongoing trials are exploring the role of combined RT and chemotherapy, compared to chemotherapy or RT alone.