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Infections in Infants during the First 12 Months of Life: Role of Placental Malaria and Environmental Factors
BACKGROUND: The association between placental malaria (PM) and first peripheral parasitaemias in early infancy was assessed in Tori Bossito, a rural area of Benin with a careful attention on transmission factors at an individual level. METHODOLOGY: Statistical analysis was performed on 550 infants f...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Public Library of Science
2011
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3214070/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22096588 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0027516 |
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author | Le Port, Agnès Watier, Laurence Cottrell, Gilles Ouédraogo, Smaila Dechavanne, Célia Pierrat, Charlotte Rachas, Antoine Bouscaillou, Julie Bouraima, Aziz Massougbodji, Achille Fayomi, Benjamin Thiébaut, Anne Chandre, Fabrice Migot-Nabias, Florence Martin-Prevel, Yves Garcia, André Cot, Michel |
author_facet | Le Port, Agnès Watier, Laurence Cottrell, Gilles Ouédraogo, Smaila Dechavanne, Célia Pierrat, Charlotte Rachas, Antoine Bouscaillou, Julie Bouraima, Aziz Massougbodji, Achille Fayomi, Benjamin Thiébaut, Anne Chandre, Fabrice Migot-Nabias, Florence Martin-Prevel, Yves Garcia, André Cot, Michel |
author_sort | Le Port, Agnès |
collection | PubMed |
description | BACKGROUND: The association between placental malaria (PM) and first peripheral parasitaemias in early infancy was assessed in Tori Bossito, a rural area of Benin with a careful attention on transmission factors at an individual level. METHODOLOGY: Statistical analysis was performed on 550 infants followed weekly from birth to 12 months. Malaria transmission was assessed by anopheles human landing catches every 6 weeks in 36 sampling houses and season defined by rainfall. Each child was located by GPS and assigned to the closest anopheles sampling house. Data were analysed by survival Cox models, stratified on the possession of insecticide-treated mosquito nets (ITNs) at enrolment. PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: Among infants sleeping in a house with an ITN, PM was found to be highly associated to first malaria infections, after adjusting on season, number of anopheles, antenatal care (ANC) visits and maternal severe anaemia. Infants born from a malaria infected placenta had a 2.13 fold increased risk to present a first malaria infection than those born from a non infected placenta ([1.24–3.67], p<0.01) when sleeping in a house with an ITN. The risk to present a first malaria infection was increased by 3.2 to 6.5, according to the level of anopheles exposure (moderate or high levels, compared to the absence of anopheles). CONCLUSIONS: First malaria infections in early childhood can be attributed simultaneously to both PM and high levels of exposure to infected anopheles. Protective measures as Intermittent Preventive Treatment during pregnancy (IPTp) and ITNs, targeted on both mothers and infants should be reinforced, as well as the research on new drugs and insecticides. In parallel, investigations on placental malaria have to be strengthened to better understand the mechanisms involved, and thus to protect adequately the infants high risk group. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-3214070 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2011 |
publisher | Public Library of Science |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-32140702011-11-17 Infections in Infants during the First 12 Months of Life: Role of Placental Malaria and Environmental Factors Le Port, Agnès Watier, Laurence Cottrell, Gilles Ouédraogo, Smaila Dechavanne, Célia Pierrat, Charlotte Rachas, Antoine Bouscaillou, Julie Bouraima, Aziz Massougbodji, Achille Fayomi, Benjamin Thiébaut, Anne Chandre, Fabrice Migot-Nabias, Florence Martin-Prevel, Yves Garcia, André Cot, Michel PLoS One Research Article BACKGROUND: The association between placental malaria (PM) and first peripheral parasitaemias in early infancy was assessed in Tori Bossito, a rural area of Benin with a careful attention on transmission factors at an individual level. METHODOLOGY: Statistical analysis was performed on 550 infants followed weekly from birth to 12 months. Malaria transmission was assessed by anopheles human landing catches every 6 weeks in 36 sampling houses and season defined by rainfall. Each child was located by GPS and assigned to the closest anopheles sampling house. Data were analysed by survival Cox models, stratified on the possession of insecticide-treated mosquito nets (ITNs) at enrolment. PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: Among infants sleeping in a house with an ITN, PM was found to be highly associated to first malaria infections, after adjusting on season, number of anopheles, antenatal care (ANC) visits and maternal severe anaemia. Infants born from a malaria infected placenta had a 2.13 fold increased risk to present a first malaria infection than those born from a non infected placenta ([1.24–3.67], p<0.01) when sleeping in a house with an ITN. The risk to present a first malaria infection was increased by 3.2 to 6.5, according to the level of anopheles exposure (moderate or high levels, compared to the absence of anopheles). CONCLUSIONS: First malaria infections in early childhood can be attributed simultaneously to both PM and high levels of exposure to infected anopheles. Protective measures as Intermittent Preventive Treatment during pregnancy (IPTp) and ITNs, targeted on both mothers and infants should be reinforced, as well as the research on new drugs and insecticides. In parallel, investigations on placental malaria have to be strengthened to better understand the mechanisms involved, and thus to protect adequately the infants high risk group. Public Library of Science 2011-11-11 /pmc/articles/PMC3214070/ /pubmed/22096588 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0027516 Text en Le Port et al. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are properly credited. |
spellingShingle | Research Article Le Port, Agnès Watier, Laurence Cottrell, Gilles Ouédraogo, Smaila Dechavanne, Célia Pierrat, Charlotte Rachas, Antoine Bouscaillou, Julie Bouraima, Aziz Massougbodji, Achille Fayomi, Benjamin Thiébaut, Anne Chandre, Fabrice Migot-Nabias, Florence Martin-Prevel, Yves Garcia, André Cot, Michel Infections in Infants during the First 12 Months of Life: Role of Placental Malaria and Environmental Factors |
title | Infections in Infants during the First 12 Months of Life: Role of Placental Malaria and Environmental Factors |
title_full | Infections in Infants during the First 12 Months of Life: Role of Placental Malaria and Environmental Factors |
title_fullStr | Infections in Infants during the First 12 Months of Life: Role of Placental Malaria and Environmental Factors |
title_full_unstemmed | Infections in Infants during the First 12 Months of Life: Role of Placental Malaria and Environmental Factors |
title_short | Infections in Infants during the First 12 Months of Life: Role of Placental Malaria and Environmental Factors |
title_sort | infections in infants during the first 12 months of life: role of placental malaria and environmental factors |
topic | Research Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3214070/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22096588 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0027516 |
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