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Microanatomy of Adult Zebrafish Extraocular Muscles

Binocular vision requires intricate control of eye movement to align overlapping visual fields for fusion in the visual cortex, and each eye is controlled by 6 extraocular muscles (EOMs). Disorders of EOMs are an important cause of symptomatic vision loss. Importantly, EOMs represent specialized ske...

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Autores principales: Kasprick, Daniel S., Kish, Phillip E., Junttila, Tyler L., Ward, Lindsay A., Bohnsack, Brenda L., Kahana, Alon
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Public Library of Science 2011
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3223174/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22132088
http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0027095
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author Kasprick, Daniel S.
Kish, Phillip E.
Junttila, Tyler L.
Ward, Lindsay A.
Bohnsack, Brenda L.
Kahana, Alon
author_facet Kasprick, Daniel S.
Kish, Phillip E.
Junttila, Tyler L.
Ward, Lindsay A.
Bohnsack, Brenda L.
Kahana, Alon
author_sort Kasprick, Daniel S.
collection PubMed
description Binocular vision requires intricate control of eye movement to align overlapping visual fields for fusion in the visual cortex, and each eye is controlled by 6 extraocular muscles (EOMs). Disorders of EOMs are an important cause of symptomatic vision loss. Importantly, EOMs represent specialized skeletal muscles with distinct gene expression profile and susceptibility to neuromuscular disorders. We aim to investigate and describe the anatomy of adult zebrafish extraocular muscles (EOMs) to enable comparison with human EOM anatomy and facilitate the use of zebrafish as a model for EOM research. Using differential interference contrast (DIC), epifluorescence microscopy, and precise sectioning techniques, we evaluate the anatomy of zebrafish EOM origin, muscle course, and insertion on the eye. Immunofluorescence is used to identify components of tendons, basement membrane and neuromuscular junctions (NMJs), and to analyze myofiber characteristics. We find that adult zebrafish EOM insertions on the globe parallel the organization of human EOMs, including the close proximity of specific EOM insertions to one another. However, analysis of EOM origins reveals important differences between human and zebrafish, such as the common rostral origin of both oblique muscles and the caudal origin of the lateral rectus muscles. Thrombospondin 4 marks the EOM tendons in regions that are highly innervated, and laminin marks the basement membrane, enabling evaluation of myofiber size and distribution. The NMJs appear to include both en plaque and en grappe synapses, while NMJ density is much higher in EOMs than in somatic muscles. In conclusion, zebrafish and human EOM anatomy are generally homologous, supporting the use of zebrafish for studying EOM biology. However, anatomic differences exist, revealing divergent evolutionary pressures.
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spelling pubmed-32231742011-11-30 Microanatomy of Adult Zebrafish Extraocular Muscles Kasprick, Daniel S. Kish, Phillip E. Junttila, Tyler L. Ward, Lindsay A. Bohnsack, Brenda L. Kahana, Alon PLoS One Research Article Binocular vision requires intricate control of eye movement to align overlapping visual fields for fusion in the visual cortex, and each eye is controlled by 6 extraocular muscles (EOMs). Disorders of EOMs are an important cause of symptomatic vision loss. Importantly, EOMs represent specialized skeletal muscles with distinct gene expression profile and susceptibility to neuromuscular disorders. We aim to investigate and describe the anatomy of adult zebrafish extraocular muscles (EOMs) to enable comparison with human EOM anatomy and facilitate the use of zebrafish as a model for EOM research. Using differential interference contrast (DIC), epifluorescence microscopy, and precise sectioning techniques, we evaluate the anatomy of zebrafish EOM origin, muscle course, and insertion on the eye. Immunofluorescence is used to identify components of tendons, basement membrane and neuromuscular junctions (NMJs), and to analyze myofiber characteristics. We find that adult zebrafish EOM insertions on the globe parallel the organization of human EOMs, including the close proximity of specific EOM insertions to one another. However, analysis of EOM origins reveals important differences between human and zebrafish, such as the common rostral origin of both oblique muscles and the caudal origin of the lateral rectus muscles. Thrombospondin 4 marks the EOM tendons in regions that are highly innervated, and laminin marks the basement membrane, enabling evaluation of myofiber size and distribution. The NMJs appear to include both en plaque and en grappe synapses, while NMJ density is much higher in EOMs than in somatic muscles. In conclusion, zebrafish and human EOM anatomy are generally homologous, supporting the use of zebrafish for studying EOM biology. However, anatomic differences exist, revealing divergent evolutionary pressures. Public Library of Science 2011-11-23 /pmc/articles/PMC3223174/ /pubmed/22132088 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0027095 Text en Kasprick et al. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are properly credited.
spellingShingle Research Article
Kasprick, Daniel S.
Kish, Phillip E.
Junttila, Tyler L.
Ward, Lindsay A.
Bohnsack, Brenda L.
Kahana, Alon
Microanatomy of Adult Zebrafish Extraocular Muscles
title Microanatomy of Adult Zebrafish Extraocular Muscles
title_full Microanatomy of Adult Zebrafish Extraocular Muscles
title_fullStr Microanatomy of Adult Zebrafish Extraocular Muscles
title_full_unstemmed Microanatomy of Adult Zebrafish Extraocular Muscles
title_short Microanatomy of Adult Zebrafish Extraocular Muscles
title_sort microanatomy of adult zebrafish extraocular muscles
topic Research Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3223174/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22132088
http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0027095
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