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Competitive Performance of Transgenic Wheat Resistant to Powdery Mildew
Genetically modified (GM) plants offer an ideal model system to study the influence of single genes that confer constitutive resistance to pathogens on the ecological behaviour of plants. We used phytometers to study competitive interactions between GM lines of spring wheat Triticum aestivum carryin...
Autores principales: | , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Public Library of Science
2011
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3223217/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22132219 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0028091 |
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author | Kalinina, Olena Zeller, Simon L. Schmid, Bernhard |
author_facet | Kalinina, Olena Zeller, Simon L. Schmid, Bernhard |
author_sort | Kalinina, Olena |
collection | PubMed |
description | Genetically modified (GM) plants offer an ideal model system to study the influence of single genes that confer constitutive resistance to pathogens on the ecological behaviour of plants. We used phytometers to study competitive interactions between GM lines of spring wheat Triticum aestivum carrying such genes and control lines. We hypothesized that competitive performance of GM lines would be reduced due to enhanced transgene expression under pathogen levels typically encountered in the field. The transgenes pm3b from wheat (resistance against powdery mildew Blumeria graminis) or chitinase and glucanase genes from barley (resistance against fungi in general) were introduced with the ubiquitin promoter from maize (pm3b and chitinase genes) or the actin promoter from rice (glucanase gene). Phytometers of 15 transgenic and non-transgenic wheat lines were transplanted as seedlings into plots sown with the same 15 lines as competitive environments and subject to two soil nutrient levels. Pm3b lines had reduced mildew incidence compared with control lines. Chitinase and chitinase/glucanase lines showed the same high resistance to mildew as their control in low-nutrient treatment and slightly lower mildew rates than the control in high-nutrient environment. Pm3b lines were weaker competitors than control lines. This resulted in reduced yield and seed number. The Pm3b line with the highest transgene expression had 53.2% lower yield than the control whereas the Pm3b line which segregated in resistance and had higher mildew rates showed only minor costs under competition. The line expressing both chitinase and glucanase genes also showed reduced yield and seed number under competition compared with its control. Our results suggest that single transgenes conferring constitutive resistance to pathogens can have ecological costs and can weaken plant competitiveness even in the presence of the pathogen. The magnitude of these costs appears related to the degree of expression of the transgenes. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-3223217 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2011 |
publisher | Public Library of Science |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-32232172011-11-30 Competitive Performance of Transgenic Wheat Resistant to Powdery Mildew Kalinina, Olena Zeller, Simon L. Schmid, Bernhard PLoS One Research Article Genetically modified (GM) plants offer an ideal model system to study the influence of single genes that confer constitutive resistance to pathogens on the ecological behaviour of plants. We used phytometers to study competitive interactions between GM lines of spring wheat Triticum aestivum carrying such genes and control lines. We hypothesized that competitive performance of GM lines would be reduced due to enhanced transgene expression under pathogen levels typically encountered in the field. The transgenes pm3b from wheat (resistance against powdery mildew Blumeria graminis) or chitinase and glucanase genes from barley (resistance against fungi in general) were introduced with the ubiquitin promoter from maize (pm3b and chitinase genes) or the actin promoter from rice (glucanase gene). Phytometers of 15 transgenic and non-transgenic wheat lines were transplanted as seedlings into plots sown with the same 15 lines as competitive environments and subject to two soil nutrient levels. Pm3b lines had reduced mildew incidence compared with control lines. Chitinase and chitinase/glucanase lines showed the same high resistance to mildew as their control in low-nutrient treatment and slightly lower mildew rates than the control in high-nutrient environment. Pm3b lines were weaker competitors than control lines. This resulted in reduced yield and seed number. The Pm3b line with the highest transgene expression had 53.2% lower yield than the control whereas the Pm3b line which segregated in resistance and had higher mildew rates showed only minor costs under competition. The line expressing both chitinase and glucanase genes also showed reduced yield and seed number under competition compared with its control. Our results suggest that single transgenes conferring constitutive resistance to pathogens can have ecological costs and can weaken plant competitiveness even in the presence of the pathogen. The magnitude of these costs appears related to the degree of expression of the transgenes. Public Library of Science 2011-11-23 /pmc/articles/PMC3223217/ /pubmed/22132219 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0028091 Text en Kalinina et al. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are properly credited. |
spellingShingle | Research Article Kalinina, Olena Zeller, Simon L. Schmid, Bernhard Competitive Performance of Transgenic Wheat Resistant to Powdery Mildew |
title | Competitive Performance of Transgenic Wheat Resistant to Powdery Mildew |
title_full | Competitive Performance of Transgenic Wheat Resistant to Powdery Mildew |
title_fullStr | Competitive Performance of Transgenic Wheat Resistant to Powdery Mildew |
title_full_unstemmed | Competitive Performance of Transgenic Wheat Resistant to Powdery Mildew |
title_short | Competitive Performance of Transgenic Wheat Resistant to Powdery Mildew |
title_sort | competitive performance of transgenic wheat resistant to powdery mildew |
topic | Research Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3223217/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22132219 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0028091 |
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