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Unraveling the rapid radiation of crested newts (Triturus cristatus superspecies) using complete mitogenomic sequences
BACKGROUND: The rapid radiation of crested newts (Triturus cristatus superspecies) comprises four morphotypes: 1) the T. karelinii group, 2) T. carnifex - T. macedonicus, 3) T. cristatus and 4) T. dobrogicus. These vary in body build and the number of rib-bearing pre-sacral vertebrae (NRBV). The phy...
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
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BioMed Central
2011
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3224112/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21672214 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1471-2148-11-162 |
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author | Wielstra, Ben Arntzen, Jan W |
author_facet | Wielstra, Ben Arntzen, Jan W |
author_sort | Wielstra, Ben |
collection | PubMed |
description | BACKGROUND: The rapid radiation of crested newts (Triturus cristatus superspecies) comprises four morphotypes: 1) the T. karelinii group, 2) T. carnifex - T. macedonicus, 3) T. cristatus and 4) T. dobrogicus. These vary in body build and the number of rib-bearing pre-sacral vertebrae (NRBV). The phylogenetic relationships of the morphotypes have not yet been settled, despite several previous attempts, employing a variety of molecular markers. We here resolve the crested newt phylogeny by using complete mitochondrial genome sequences. RESULTS: Bayesian inference based on the mitogenomic data yields a fully bifurcating, significantly supported tree, though Maximum Likelihood inference yields low support values. The internal branches connecting the morphotypes are short relative to the terminal branches. Seen from the root of Triturus (NRBV = 13), a basal dichotomy separates the T. karelinii group (NRBV = 13) from the remaining crested newts. The next split divides the latter assortment into T. carnifex - T. macedonicus (NRBV = 14) versus T. cristatus (NRBV = 15) and T. dobrogicus (NRBV = 16 or 17). CONCLUSIONS: We argue that the Bayesian full mitochondrial DNA phylogeny is superior to previous attempts aiming to recover the crested newt species tree. Furthermore, our new phylogeny involves a maximally parsimonious interpretation of NRBV evolution. Calibrating the phylogeny allows us to evaluate potential drivers for crested newt cladogenesis. The split between the T. karelinii group and the three other morphotypes, at ca. 10.4 Ma, is associated with the separation of the Balkan and Anatolian landmasses (12-9 Ma). No currently known vicariant events can be ascribed to the other two splits, first at ca. 9.3 Ma, separating T. carnifex - T. macedonicus, and second at ca. 8.8 Ma, splitting T. cristatus and T. dobrogicus. The crested newt morphotypes differ in the duration of their annual aquatic period. We speculate on the role that this ecological differentiation could have played during speciation. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-3224112 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2011 |
publisher | BioMed Central |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-32241122011-11-26 Unraveling the rapid radiation of crested newts (Triturus cristatus superspecies) using complete mitogenomic sequences Wielstra, Ben Arntzen, Jan W BMC Evol Biol Research Article BACKGROUND: The rapid radiation of crested newts (Triturus cristatus superspecies) comprises four morphotypes: 1) the T. karelinii group, 2) T. carnifex - T. macedonicus, 3) T. cristatus and 4) T. dobrogicus. These vary in body build and the number of rib-bearing pre-sacral vertebrae (NRBV). The phylogenetic relationships of the morphotypes have not yet been settled, despite several previous attempts, employing a variety of molecular markers. We here resolve the crested newt phylogeny by using complete mitochondrial genome sequences. RESULTS: Bayesian inference based on the mitogenomic data yields a fully bifurcating, significantly supported tree, though Maximum Likelihood inference yields low support values. The internal branches connecting the morphotypes are short relative to the terminal branches. Seen from the root of Triturus (NRBV = 13), a basal dichotomy separates the T. karelinii group (NRBV = 13) from the remaining crested newts. The next split divides the latter assortment into T. carnifex - T. macedonicus (NRBV = 14) versus T. cristatus (NRBV = 15) and T. dobrogicus (NRBV = 16 or 17). CONCLUSIONS: We argue that the Bayesian full mitochondrial DNA phylogeny is superior to previous attempts aiming to recover the crested newt species tree. Furthermore, our new phylogeny involves a maximally parsimonious interpretation of NRBV evolution. Calibrating the phylogeny allows us to evaluate potential drivers for crested newt cladogenesis. The split between the T. karelinii group and the three other morphotypes, at ca. 10.4 Ma, is associated with the separation of the Balkan and Anatolian landmasses (12-9 Ma). No currently known vicariant events can be ascribed to the other two splits, first at ca. 9.3 Ma, separating T. carnifex - T. macedonicus, and second at ca. 8.8 Ma, splitting T. cristatus and T. dobrogicus. The crested newt morphotypes differ in the duration of their annual aquatic period. We speculate on the role that this ecological differentiation could have played during speciation. BioMed Central 2011-06-14 /pmc/articles/PMC3224112/ /pubmed/21672214 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1471-2148-11-162 Text en Copyright ©2011 Wielstra and Arntzen; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0 This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. |
spellingShingle | Research Article Wielstra, Ben Arntzen, Jan W Unraveling the rapid radiation of crested newts (Triturus cristatus superspecies) using complete mitogenomic sequences |
title | Unraveling the rapid radiation of crested newts (Triturus cristatus superspecies) using complete mitogenomic sequences |
title_full | Unraveling the rapid radiation of crested newts (Triturus cristatus superspecies) using complete mitogenomic sequences |
title_fullStr | Unraveling the rapid radiation of crested newts (Triturus cristatus superspecies) using complete mitogenomic sequences |
title_full_unstemmed | Unraveling the rapid radiation of crested newts (Triturus cristatus superspecies) using complete mitogenomic sequences |
title_short | Unraveling the rapid radiation of crested newts (Triturus cristatus superspecies) using complete mitogenomic sequences |
title_sort | unraveling the rapid radiation of crested newts (triturus cristatus superspecies) using complete mitogenomic sequences |
topic | Research Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3224112/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21672214 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1471-2148-11-162 |
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