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Unraveling the rapid radiation of crested newts (Triturus cristatus superspecies) using complete mitogenomic sequences

BACKGROUND: The rapid radiation of crested newts (Triturus cristatus superspecies) comprises four morphotypes: 1) the T. karelinii group, 2) T. carnifex - T. macedonicus, 3) T. cristatus and 4) T. dobrogicus. These vary in body build and the number of rib-bearing pre-sacral vertebrae (NRBV). The phy...

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Autores principales: Wielstra, Ben, Arntzen, Jan W
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: BioMed Central 2011
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3224112/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21672214
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1471-2148-11-162
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author Wielstra, Ben
Arntzen, Jan W
author_facet Wielstra, Ben
Arntzen, Jan W
author_sort Wielstra, Ben
collection PubMed
description BACKGROUND: The rapid radiation of crested newts (Triturus cristatus superspecies) comprises four morphotypes: 1) the T. karelinii group, 2) T. carnifex - T. macedonicus, 3) T. cristatus and 4) T. dobrogicus. These vary in body build and the number of rib-bearing pre-sacral vertebrae (NRBV). The phylogenetic relationships of the morphotypes have not yet been settled, despite several previous attempts, employing a variety of molecular markers. We here resolve the crested newt phylogeny by using complete mitochondrial genome sequences. RESULTS: Bayesian inference based on the mitogenomic data yields a fully bifurcating, significantly supported tree, though Maximum Likelihood inference yields low support values. The internal branches connecting the morphotypes are short relative to the terminal branches. Seen from the root of Triturus (NRBV = 13), a basal dichotomy separates the T. karelinii group (NRBV = 13) from the remaining crested newts. The next split divides the latter assortment into T. carnifex - T. macedonicus (NRBV = 14) versus T. cristatus (NRBV = 15) and T. dobrogicus (NRBV = 16 or 17). CONCLUSIONS: We argue that the Bayesian full mitochondrial DNA phylogeny is superior to previous attempts aiming to recover the crested newt species tree. Furthermore, our new phylogeny involves a maximally parsimonious interpretation of NRBV evolution. Calibrating the phylogeny allows us to evaluate potential drivers for crested newt cladogenesis. The split between the T. karelinii group and the three other morphotypes, at ca. 10.4 Ma, is associated with the separation of the Balkan and Anatolian landmasses (12-9 Ma). No currently known vicariant events can be ascribed to the other two splits, first at ca. 9.3 Ma, separating T. carnifex - T. macedonicus, and second at ca. 8.8 Ma, splitting T. cristatus and T. dobrogicus. The crested newt morphotypes differ in the duration of their annual aquatic period. We speculate on the role that this ecological differentiation could have played during speciation.
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spelling pubmed-32241122011-11-26 Unraveling the rapid radiation of crested newts (Triturus cristatus superspecies) using complete mitogenomic sequences Wielstra, Ben Arntzen, Jan W BMC Evol Biol Research Article BACKGROUND: The rapid radiation of crested newts (Triturus cristatus superspecies) comprises four morphotypes: 1) the T. karelinii group, 2) T. carnifex - T. macedonicus, 3) T. cristatus and 4) T. dobrogicus. These vary in body build and the number of rib-bearing pre-sacral vertebrae (NRBV). The phylogenetic relationships of the morphotypes have not yet been settled, despite several previous attempts, employing a variety of molecular markers. We here resolve the crested newt phylogeny by using complete mitochondrial genome sequences. RESULTS: Bayesian inference based on the mitogenomic data yields a fully bifurcating, significantly supported tree, though Maximum Likelihood inference yields low support values. The internal branches connecting the morphotypes are short relative to the terminal branches. Seen from the root of Triturus (NRBV = 13), a basal dichotomy separates the T. karelinii group (NRBV = 13) from the remaining crested newts. The next split divides the latter assortment into T. carnifex - T. macedonicus (NRBV = 14) versus T. cristatus (NRBV = 15) and T. dobrogicus (NRBV = 16 or 17). CONCLUSIONS: We argue that the Bayesian full mitochondrial DNA phylogeny is superior to previous attempts aiming to recover the crested newt species tree. Furthermore, our new phylogeny involves a maximally parsimonious interpretation of NRBV evolution. Calibrating the phylogeny allows us to evaluate potential drivers for crested newt cladogenesis. The split between the T. karelinii group and the three other morphotypes, at ca. 10.4 Ma, is associated with the separation of the Balkan and Anatolian landmasses (12-9 Ma). No currently known vicariant events can be ascribed to the other two splits, first at ca. 9.3 Ma, separating T. carnifex - T. macedonicus, and second at ca. 8.8 Ma, splitting T. cristatus and T. dobrogicus. The crested newt morphotypes differ in the duration of their annual aquatic period. We speculate on the role that this ecological differentiation could have played during speciation. BioMed Central 2011-06-14 /pmc/articles/PMC3224112/ /pubmed/21672214 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1471-2148-11-162 Text en Copyright ©2011 Wielstra and Arntzen; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0 This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
spellingShingle Research Article
Wielstra, Ben
Arntzen, Jan W
Unraveling the rapid radiation of crested newts (Triturus cristatus superspecies) using complete mitogenomic sequences
title Unraveling the rapid radiation of crested newts (Triturus cristatus superspecies) using complete mitogenomic sequences
title_full Unraveling the rapid radiation of crested newts (Triturus cristatus superspecies) using complete mitogenomic sequences
title_fullStr Unraveling the rapid radiation of crested newts (Triturus cristatus superspecies) using complete mitogenomic sequences
title_full_unstemmed Unraveling the rapid radiation of crested newts (Triturus cristatus superspecies) using complete mitogenomic sequences
title_short Unraveling the rapid radiation of crested newts (Triturus cristatus superspecies) using complete mitogenomic sequences
title_sort unraveling the rapid radiation of crested newts (triturus cristatus superspecies) using complete mitogenomic sequences
topic Research Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3224112/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21672214
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1471-2148-11-162
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