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The invasion of tobacco mosaic virus RNA induces endoplasmic reticulum stress-related autophagy in HeLa cells

The ability of human cells to defend against viruses originating from distant species has long been ignored. Owing to the pressure of natural evolution and human exploration, some of these viruses may be able to invade human beings. If their ‘fresh’ host had no defences, the viruses could cause a se...

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Autores principales: Li, Li, Wang, Li, Xiao, Ruijing, Zhu, Guoguo, Li, Yan, Liu, Changxuan, Yang, Ru, Tang, Zhiqing, Li, Jie, Huang, Wei, Chen, Lang, Zheng, Xiaoling, He, Yuling, Tan, Jinquan
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Portland Press Ltd. 2011
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3225954/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21729006
http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/BSR20110069
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author Li, Li
Wang, Li
Xiao, Ruijing
Zhu, Guoguo
Li, Yan
Liu, Changxuan
Yang, Ru
Tang, Zhiqing
Li, Jie
Huang, Wei
Chen, Lang
Zheng, Xiaoling
He, Yuling
Tan, Jinquan
author_facet Li, Li
Wang, Li
Xiao, Ruijing
Zhu, Guoguo
Li, Yan
Liu, Changxuan
Yang, Ru
Tang, Zhiqing
Li, Jie
Huang, Wei
Chen, Lang
Zheng, Xiaoling
He, Yuling
Tan, Jinquan
author_sort Li, Li
collection PubMed
description The ability of human cells to defend against viruses originating from distant species has long been ignored. Owing to the pressure of natural evolution and human exploration, some of these viruses may be able to invade human beings. If their ‘fresh’ host had no defences, the viruses could cause a serious pandemic, as seen with HIV, SARS (severe acute respiratory syndrome) and avian influenza virus that originated from chimpanzees, the common palm civet and birds, respectively. It is unknown whether the human immune system could tolerate invasion with a plant virus. To model such an alien virus invasion, we chose TMV (tobacco mosaic virus) and used human epithelial carcinoma cells (HeLa cells) as its ‘fresh’ host. We established a reliable system for transfecting TMV-RNA into HeLa cells and found that TMV-RNA triggered autophagy in HeLa cells as shown by the appearance of autophagic vacuoles, the conversion of LC3-I (light chain protein 3-I) to LC3-II, the up-regulated expression of Beclin1 and the accumulation of TMV protein on autophagosomal membranes. We observed suspected TMV virions in HeLa cells by TEM (transmission electron microscopy). Furthermore, we found that TMV-RNA was translated into CP (coat protein) in the ER (endoplasmic reticulum) and that TMV-positive RNA translocated from the cytoplasm to the nucleolus. Finally, we detected greatly increased expression of GRP78 (78 kDa glucose-regulated protein), a typical marker of ERS (ER stress) and found that the formation of autophagosomes was closely related to the expanded ER membrane. Taken together, our data indicate that HeLa cells used ERS and ERS-related autophagy to defend against TMV-RNA.
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spelling pubmed-32259542011-12-02 The invasion of tobacco mosaic virus RNA induces endoplasmic reticulum stress-related autophagy in HeLa cells Li, Li Wang, Li Xiao, Ruijing Zhu, Guoguo Li, Yan Liu, Changxuan Yang, Ru Tang, Zhiqing Li, Jie Huang, Wei Chen, Lang Zheng, Xiaoling He, Yuling Tan, Jinquan Biosci Rep Original Paper The ability of human cells to defend against viruses originating from distant species has long been ignored. Owing to the pressure of natural evolution and human exploration, some of these viruses may be able to invade human beings. If their ‘fresh’ host had no defences, the viruses could cause a serious pandemic, as seen with HIV, SARS (severe acute respiratory syndrome) and avian influenza virus that originated from chimpanzees, the common palm civet and birds, respectively. It is unknown whether the human immune system could tolerate invasion with a plant virus. To model such an alien virus invasion, we chose TMV (tobacco mosaic virus) and used human epithelial carcinoma cells (HeLa cells) as its ‘fresh’ host. We established a reliable system for transfecting TMV-RNA into HeLa cells and found that TMV-RNA triggered autophagy in HeLa cells as shown by the appearance of autophagic vacuoles, the conversion of LC3-I (light chain protein 3-I) to LC3-II, the up-regulated expression of Beclin1 and the accumulation of TMV protein on autophagosomal membranes. We observed suspected TMV virions in HeLa cells by TEM (transmission electron microscopy). Furthermore, we found that TMV-RNA was translated into CP (coat protein) in the ER (endoplasmic reticulum) and that TMV-positive RNA translocated from the cytoplasm to the nucleolus. Finally, we detected greatly increased expression of GRP78 (78 kDa glucose-regulated protein), a typical marker of ERS (ER stress) and found that the formation of autophagosomes was closely related to the expanded ER membrane. Taken together, our data indicate that HeLa cells used ERS and ERS-related autophagy to defend against TMV-RNA. Portland Press Ltd. 2011-11-21 2012-04-01 /pmc/articles/PMC3225954/ /pubmed/21729006 http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/BSR20110069 Text en © 2012 The Author(s) The author(s) has paid for this article to be freely available under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial Licence (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/2.5/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/2.5/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
spellingShingle Original Paper
Li, Li
Wang, Li
Xiao, Ruijing
Zhu, Guoguo
Li, Yan
Liu, Changxuan
Yang, Ru
Tang, Zhiqing
Li, Jie
Huang, Wei
Chen, Lang
Zheng, Xiaoling
He, Yuling
Tan, Jinquan
The invasion of tobacco mosaic virus RNA induces endoplasmic reticulum stress-related autophagy in HeLa cells
title The invasion of tobacco mosaic virus RNA induces endoplasmic reticulum stress-related autophagy in HeLa cells
title_full The invasion of tobacco mosaic virus RNA induces endoplasmic reticulum stress-related autophagy in HeLa cells
title_fullStr The invasion of tobacco mosaic virus RNA induces endoplasmic reticulum stress-related autophagy in HeLa cells
title_full_unstemmed The invasion of tobacco mosaic virus RNA induces endoplasmic reticulum stress-related autophagy in HeLa cells
title_short The invasion of tobacco mosaic virus RNA induces endoplasmic reticulum stress-related autophagy in HeLa cells
title_sort invasion of tobacco mosaic virus rna induces endoplasmic reticulum stress-related autophagy in hela cells
topic Original Paper
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3225954/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21729006
http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/BSR20110069
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