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The invasion of tobacco mosaic virus RNA induces endoplasmic reticulum stress-related autophagy in HeLa cells
The ability of human cells to defend against viruses originating from distant species has long been ignored. Owing to the pressure of natural evolution and human exploration, some of these viruses may be able to invade human beings. If their ‘fresh’ host had no defences, the viruses could cause a se...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Portland Press Ltd.
2011
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3225954/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21729006 http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/BSR20110069 |
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author | Li, Li Wang, Li Xiao, Ruijing Zhu, Guoguo Li, Yan Liu, Changxuan Yang, Ru Tang, Zhiqing Li, Jie Huang, Wei Chen, Lang Zheng, Xiaoling He, Yuling Tan, Jinquan |
author_facet | Li, Li Wang, Li Xiao, Ruijing Zhu, Guoguo Li, Yan Liu, Changxuan Yang, Ru Tang, Zhiqing Li, Jie Huang, Wei Chen, Lang Zheng, Xiaoling He, Yuling Tan, Jinquan |
author_sort | Li, Li |
collection | PubMed |
description | The ability of human cells to defend against viruses originating from distant species has long been ignored. Owing to the pressure of natural evolution and human exploration, some of these viruses may be able to invade human beings. If their ‘fresh’ host had no defences, the viruses could cause a serious pandemic, as seen with HIV, SARS (severe acute respiratory syndrome) and avian influenza virus that originated from chimpanzees, the common palm civet and birds, respectively. It is unknown whether the human immune system could tolerate invasion with a plant virus. To model such an alien virus invasion, we chose TMV (tobacco mosaic virus) and used human epithelial carcinoma cells (HeLa cells) as its ‘fresh’ host. We established a reliable system for transfecting TMV-RNA into HeLa cells and found that TMV-RNA triggered autophagy in HeLa cells as shown by the appearance of autophagic vacuoles, the conversion of LC3-I (light chain protein 3-I) to LC3-II, the up-regulated expression of Beclin1 and the accumulation of TMV protein on autophagosomal membranes. We observed suspected TMV virions in HeLa cells by TEM (transmission electron microscopy). Furthermore, we found that TMV-RNA was translated into CP (coat protein) in the ER (endoplasmic reticulum) and that TMV-positive RNA translocated from the cytoplasm to the nucleolus. Finally, we detected greatly increased expression of GRP78 (78 kDa glucose-regulated protein), a typical marker of ERS (ER stress) and found that the formation of autophagosomes was closely related to the expanded ER membrane. Taken together, our data indicate that HeLa cells used ERS and ERS-related autophagy to defend against TMV-RNA. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-3225954 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2011 |
publisher | Portland Press Ltd. |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-32259542011-12-02 The invasion of tobacco mosaic virus RNA induces endoplasmic reticulum stress-related autophagy in HeLa cells Li, Li Wang, Li Xiao, Ruijing Zhu, Guoguo Li, Yan Liu, Changxuan Yang, Ru Tang, Zhiqing Li, Jie Huang, Wei Chen, Lang Zheng, Xiaoling He, Yuling Tan, Jinquan Biosci Rep Original Paper The ability of human cells to defend against viruses originating from distant species has long been ignored. Owing to the pressure of natural evolution and human exploration, some of these viruses may be able to invade human beings. If their ‘fresh’ host had no defences, the viruses could cause a serious pandemic, as seen with HIV, SARS (severe acute respiratory syndrome) and avian influenza virus that originated from chimpanzees, the common palm civet and birds, respectively. It is unknown whether the human immune system could tolerate invasion with a plant virus. To model such an alien virus invasion, we chose TMV (tobacco mosaic virus) and used human epithelial carcinoma cells (HeLa cells) as its ‘fresh’ host. We established a reliable system for transfecting TMV-RNA into HeLa cells and found that TMV-RNA triggered autophagy in HeLa cells as shown by the appearance of autophagic vacuoles, the conversion of LC3-I (light chain protein 3-I) to LC3-II, the up-regulated expression of Beclin1 and the accumulation of TMV protein on autophagosomal membranes. We observed suspected TMV virions in HeLa cells by TEM (transmission electron microscopy). Furthermore, we found that TMV-RNA was translated into CP (coat protein) in the ER (endoplasmic reticulum) and that TMV-positive RNA translocated from the cytoplasm to the nucleolus. Finally, we detected greatly increased expression of GRP78 (78 kDa glucose-regulated protein), a typical marker of ERS (ER stress) and found that the formation of autophagosomes was closely related to the expanded ER membrane. Taken together, our data indicate that HeLa cells used ERS and ERS-related autophagy to defend against TMV-RNA. Portland Press Ltd. 2011-11-21 2012-04-01 /pmc/articles/PMC3225954/ /pubmed/21729006 http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/BSR20110069 Text en © 2012 The Author(s) The author(s) has paid for this article to be freely available under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial Licence (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/2.5/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/2.5/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. |
spellingShingle | Original Paper Li, Li Wang, Li Xiao, Ruijing Zhu, Guoguo Li, Yan Liu, Changxuan Yang, Ru Tang, Zhiqing Li, Jie Huang, Wei Chen, Lang Zheng, Xiaoling He, Yuling Tan, Jinquan The invasion of tobacco mosaic virus RNA induces endoplasmic reticulum stress-related autophagy in HeLa cells |
title | The invasion of tobacco mosaic virus RNA induces endoplasmic reticulum stress-related autophagy in HeLa cells |
title_full | The invasion of tobacco mosaic virus RNA induces endoplasmic reticulum stress-related autophagy in HeLa cells |
title_fullStr | The invasion of tobacco mosaic virus RNA induces endoplasmic reticulum stress-related autophagy in HeLa cells |
title_full_unstemmed | The invasion of tobacco mosaic virus RNA induces endoplasmic reticulum stress-related autophagy in HeLa cells |
title_short | The invasion of tobacco mosaic virus RNA induces endoplasmic reticulum stress-related autophagy in HeLa cells |
title_sort | invasion of tobacco mosaic virus rna induces endoplasmic reticulum stress-related autophagy in hela cells |
topic | Original Paper |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3225954/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21729006 http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/BSR20110069 |
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