Metallo-Graphene Nanocomposite Electrocatalytic Platform for the Determination of Toxic Metal Ions

A Nafion-Graphene (Nafion-G) nanocomposite solution in combination with an in situ plated mercury film electrode was used as a highly sensitive electrochemical platform for the determination of Zn(2+), Cd(2+), Pb(2+) and Cu(2+) in 0.1 M acetate buffer (pH 4.6) by square-wave anodic stripping voltammetry (SWASV). Various operational parameters such as deposition potential, deposition time and electrode rotation speed were optimized. The Nafion-G nanocomposite sensing platform exhibited improved sensitivity for metal ion detection, in addition to well defined, reproducible and sharp stripping signals. The linear calibration curves ranged from 1 μg L(−1) to 7 μg L(−1) for individual analysis. The detection limits (3σ blank/slope) obtained were 0.07 μg L(−1) for Pb(2+), Zn(2+) and Cu(2+) and 0.08 μg L(−1) for Cd(2+) at a deposition time of 120 s. For practical applications recovery studies was done by spiking test samples with known concentrations and comparing the results with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) analyses. This was followed by real sample analysis.