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How Crouch Gait Can Dynamically Induce Stiff-Knee Gait

Children with cerebral palsy frequently experience foot dragging and tripping during walking due to a lack of adequate knee flexion in swing (stiff-knee gait). Stiff-knee gait is often accompanied by an overly flexed knee during stance (crouch gait). Studies on stiff-knee gait have mostly focused on...

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Autores principales: van der Krogt, Marjolein M., Bregman, Daan J. J., Wisse, Martijn, Doorenbosch, Caroline A. M., Harlaar, Jaap, Collins, Steven H.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Springer US 2010
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3233366/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20162360
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10439-010-9952-2
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author van der Krogt, Marjolein M.
Bregman, Daan J. J.
Wisse, Martijn
Doorenbosch, Caroline A. M.
Harlaar, Jaap
Collins, Steven H.
author_facet van der Krogt, Marjolein M.
Bregman, Daan J. J.
Wisse, Martijn
Doorenbosch, Caroline A. M.
Harlaar, Jaap
Collins, Steven H.
author_sort van der Krogt, Marjolein M.
collection PubMed
description Children with cerebral palsy frequently experience foot dragging and tripping during walking due to a lack of adequate knee flexion in swing (stiff-knee gait). Stiff-knee gait is often accompanied by an overly flexed knee during stance (crouch gait). Studies on stiff-knee gait have mostly focused on excessive knee muscle activity during (pre)swing, but the passive dynamics of the limbs may also have an important effect. To examine the effects of a crouched posture on swing knee flexion, we developed a forward-dynamic model of human walking with a passive swing knee, capable of stable cyclic walking for a range of stance knee crouch angles. As crouch angle during stance was increased, the knee naturally flexed much less during swing, resulting in a ‘stiff-knee’ gait pattern and reduced foot clearance. Reduced swing knee flexion was primarily due to altered gravitational moments around the joints during initial swing. We also considered the effects of increased push-off strength and swing hip flexion torque, which both increased swing knee flexion, but the effect of crouch angle was dominant. These findings demonstrate that decreased knee flexion during swing can occur purely as the dynamical result of crouch, rather than from altered muscle function or pathoneurological control alone.
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spelling pubmed-32333662011-12-08 How Crouch Gait Can Dynamically Induce Stiff-Knee Gait van der Krogt, Marjolein M. Bregman, Daan J. J. Wisse, Martijn Doorenbosch, Caroline A. M. Harlaar, Jaap Collins, Steven H. Ann Biomed Eng Article Children with cerebral palsy frequently experience foot dragging and tripping during walking due to a lack of adequate knee flexion in swing (stiff-knee gait). Stiff-knee gait is often accompanied by an overly flexed knee during stance (crouch gait). Studies on stiff-knee gait have mostly focused on excessive knee muscle activity during (pre)swing, but the passive dynamics of the limbs may also have an important effect. To examine the effects of a crouched posture on swing knee flexion, we developed a forward-dynamic model of human walking with a passive swing knee, capable of stable cyclic walking for a range of stance knee crouch angles. As crouch angle during stance was increased, the knee naturally flexed much less during swing, resulting in a ‘stiff-knee’ gait pattern and reduced foot clearance. Reduced swing knee flexion was primarily due to altered gravitational moments around the joints during initial swing. We also considered the effects of increased push-off strength and swing hip flexion torque, which both increased swing knee flexion, but the effect of crouch angle was dominant. These findings demonstrate that decreased knee flexion during swing can occur purely as the dynamical result of crouch, rather than from altered muscle function or pathoneurological control alone. Springer US 2010-02-17 2010 /pmc/articles/PMC3233366/ /pubmed/20162360 http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10439-010-9952-2 Text en © The Author(s) 2010 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Noncommercial License which permits any noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author(s) and source are credited.
spellingShingle Article
van der Krogt, Marjolein M.
Bregman, Daan J. J.
Wisse, Martijn
Doorenbosch, Caroline A. M.
Harlaar, Jaap
Collins, Steven H.
How Crouch Gait Can Dynamically Induce Stiff-Knee Gait
title How Crouch Gait Can Dynamically Induce Stiff-Knee Gait
title_full How Crouch Gait Can Dynamically Induce Stiff-Knee Gait
title_fullStr How Crouch Gait Can Dynamically Induce Stiff-Knee Gait
title_full_unstemmed How Crouch Gait Can Dynamically Induce Stiff-Knee Gait
title_short How Crouch Gait Can Dynamically Induce Stiff-Knee Gait
title_sort how crouch gait can dynamically induce stiff-knee gait
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3233366/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20162360
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10439-010-9952-2
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