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The Immune Response to Tumors as a Tool toward Immunotherapy
Until recently cancer medical therapy was limited to chemotherapy that could not differentiate cancer cells from normal cells. More recently with the remarkable mushroom of immunology, newer tools became available, resulting in the novel possibility to attack cancer with the specificity of the immun...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Hindawi Publishing Corporation
2011
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3235449/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22190975 http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2011/894704 |
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author | Pandolfi, F. Cianci, R. Pagliari, D. Casciano, F. Bagalà, C. Astone, A. Landolfi, R. Barone, C. |
author_facet | Pandolfi, F. Cianci, R. Pagliari, D. Casciano, F. Bagalà, C. Astone, A. Landolfi, R. Barone, C. |
author_sort | Pandolfi, F. |
collection | PubMed |
description | Until recently cancer medical therapy was limited to chemotherapy that could not differentiate cancer cells from normal cells. More recently with the remarkable mushroom of immunology, newer tools became available, resulting in the novel possibility to attack cancer with the specificity of the immune system. Herein we will review some of the recent achievement of immunotherapy in such aggressive cancers as melanoma, prostatic cancer, colorectal carcinoma, and hematologic malignancies. Immunotherapy of tumors has developed several techniques: immune cell transfer, vaccines, immunobiological molecules such as monoclonal antibodies that improve the immune responses to tumors. This can be achieved by blocking pathways limiting the immune response, such as CTLA-4 or Tregs. Immunotherapy may also use cytokines especially proinflammatory cytokines to enhance the activity of cytotoxic T cells (CTLs) derived from tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs). The role of newly discovered cytokines remains to be investigated. Alternatively, an other mechanism consists in enhancing the expression of TAAs on tumor cells. Finally, monoclonal antibodies may be used to target oncogenes. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-3235449 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2011 |
publisher | Hindawi Publishing Corporation |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-32354492011-12-21 The Immune Response to Tumors as a Tool toward Immunotherapy Pandolfi, F. Cianci, R. Pagliari, D. Casciano, F. Bagalà, C. Astone, A. Landolfi, R. Barone, C. Clin Dev Immunol Review Article Until recently cancer medical therapy was limited to chemotherapy that could not differentiate cancer cells from normal cells. More recently with the remarkable mushroom of immunology, newer tools became available, resulting in the novel possibility to attack cancer with the specificity of the immune system. Herein we will review some of the recent achievement of immunotherapy in such aggressive cancers as melanoma, prostatic cancer, colorectal carcinoma, and hematologic malignancies. Immunotherapy of tumors has developed several techniques: immune cell transfer, vaccines, immunobiological molecules such as monoclonal antibodies that improve the immune responses to tumors. This can be achieved by blocking pathways limiting the immune response, such as CTLA-4 or Tregs. Immunotherapy may also use cytokines especially proinflammatory cytokines to enhance the activity of cytotoxic T cells (CTLs) derived from tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs). The role of newly discovered cytokines remains to be investigated. Alternatively, an other mechanism consists in enhancing the expression of TAAs on tumor cells. Finally, monoclonal antibodies may be used to target oncogenes. Hindawi Publishing Corporation 2011 2011-12-05 /pmc/articles/PMC3235449/ /pubmed/22190975 http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2011/894704 Text en Copyright © 2011 F. Pandolfi et al. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. |
spellingShingle | Review Article Pandolfi, F. Cianci, R. Pagliari, D. Casciano, F. Bagalà, C. Astone, A. Landolfi, R. Barone, C. The Immune Response to Tumors as a Tool toward Immunotherapy |
title | The Immune Response to Tumors as a Tool toward Immunotherapy |
title_full | The Immune Response to Tumors as a Tool toward Immunotherapy |
title_fullStr | The Immune Response to Tumors as a Tool toward Immunotherapy |
title_full_unstemmed | The Immune Response to Tumors as a Tool toward Immunotherapy |
title_short | The Immune Response to Tumors as a Tool toward Immunotherapy |
title_sort | immune response to tumors as a tool toward immunotherapy |
topic | Review Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3235449/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22190975 http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2011/894704 |
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