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Is 27 really a dangerous age for famous musicians? Retrospective cohort study
Objective To test the “27 club” hypothesis that famous musicians are at an increased risk of death at age 27. Design Cohort study using survival analysis with age as a time dependent exposure. Comparison was primarily made within musicians, and secondarily relative to the general UK population. Sett...
Autores principales: | , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
BMJ Publishing Group Ltd.
2011
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3243755/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22187325 http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.d7799 |
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author | Wolkewitz, Martin Allignol, Arthur Graves, Nicholas Barnett, Adrian G |
author_facet | Wolkewitz, Martin Allignol, Arthur Graves, Nicholas Barnett, Adrian G |
author_sort | Wolkewitz, Martin |
collection | PubMed |
description | Objective To test the “27 club” hypothesis that famous musicians are at an increased risk of death at age 27. Design Cohort study using survival analysis with age as a time dependent exposure. Comparison was primarily made within musicians, and secondarily relative to the general UK population. Setting The popular music scene from a UK perspective. Participants Musicians (solo artists and band members) who had a number one album in the UK between 1956 and 2007 (n=1046 musicians, with 71 deaths, 7%). Main outcome measures Risk of death by age of musician, accounting for time dependent study entry and the number of musicians at risk. Risk was estimated using a flexible spline which would allow a bump at age 27 to appear. Results We identified three deaths at age 27 amongst 522 musicians at risk, giving a rate of 0.57 deaths per 100 musician years. Similar death rates were observed at ages 25 (rate=0.56) and 32 (0.54). There was no peak in risk around age 27, but the risk of death for famous musicians throughout their 20s and 30s was two to three times higher than the general UK population. Conclusions The 27 club is unlikely to be a real phenomenon. Fame may increase the risk of death among musicians, but this risk is not limited to age 27. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-3243755 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2011 |
publisher | BMJ Publishing Group Ltd. |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-32437552011-12-21 Is 27 really a dangerous age for famous musicians? Retrospective cohort study Wolkewitz, Martin Allignol, Arthur Graves, Nicholas Barnett, Adrian G BMJ Research Objective To test the “27 club” hypothesis that famous musicians are at an increased risk of death at age 27. Design Cohort study using survival analysis with age as a time dependent exposure. Comparison was primarily made within musicians, and secondarily relative to the general UK population. Setting The popular music scene from a UK perspective. Participants Musicians (solo artists and band members) who had a number one album in the UK between 1956 and 2007 (n=1046 musicians, with 71 deaths, 7%). Main outcome measures Risk of death by age of musician, accounting for time dependent study entry and the number of musicians at risk. Risk was estimated using a flexible spline which would allow a bump at age 27 to appear. Results We identified three deaths at age 27 amongst 522 musicians at risk, giving a rate of 0.57 deaths per 100 musician years. Similar death rates were observed at ages 25 (rate=0.56) and 32 (0.54). There was no peak in risk around age 27, but the risk of death for famous musicians throughout their 20s and 30s was two to three times higher than the general UK population. Conclusions The 27 club is unlikely to be a real phenomenon. Fame may increase the risk of death among musicians, but this risk is not limited to age 27. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd. 2011-12-20 /pmc/articles/PMC3243755/ /pubmed/22187325 http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.d7799 Text en © Wolkewitz et al 2011 This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-commercial License, which permits use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited, the use is non commercial and is otherwise in compliance with the license. See: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/2.0/ and http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/2.0/legalcode. |
spellingShingle | Research Wolkewitz, Martin Allignol, Arthur Graves, Nicholas Barnett, Adrian G Is 27 really a dangerous age for famous musicians? Retrospective cohort study |
title | Is 27 really a dangerous age for famous musicians? Retrospective cohort study |
title_full | Is 27 really a dangerous age for famous musicians? Retrospective cohort study |
title_fullStr | Is 27 really a dangerous age for famous musicians? Retrospective cohort study |
title_full_unstemmed | Is 27 really a dangerous age for famous musicians? Retrospective cohort study |
title_short | Is 27 really a dangerous age for famous musicians? Retrospective cohort study |
title_sort | is 27 really a dangerous age for famous musicians? retrospective cohort study |
topic | Research |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3243755/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22187325 http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.d7799 |
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