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Special Agents Can Promote Cooperation in the Population
Cooperation is ubiquitous in our real life but everyone would like to maximize her own profits. How does cooperation occur in the group of self-interested agents without centralized control? Furthermore, in a hostile scenario, for example, cooperation is unlikely to emerge. Is there any mechanism to...
Autores principales: | , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Public Library of Science
2011
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3244459/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22216202 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0029182 |
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author | Wang, Xin Han, Jing Han, Huawei |
author_facet | Wang, Xin Han, Jing Han, Huawei |
author_sort | Wang, Xin |
collection | PubMed |
description | Cooperation is ubiquitous in our real life but everyone would like to maximize her own profits. How does cooperation occur in the group of self-interested agents without centralized control? Furthermore, in a hostile scenario, for example, cooperation is unlikely to emerge. Is there any mechanism to promote cooperation if populations are given and play rules are not allowed to change? In this paper, numerical experiments show that complete population interaction is unfriendly to cooperation in the finite but end-unknown Repeated Prisoner's Dilemma (RPD). Then a mechanism called soft control is proposed to promote cooperation. According to the basic idea of soft control, a number of special agents are introduced to intervene in the evolution of cooperation. They comply with play rules in the original group so that they are always treated as normal agents. For our purpose, these special agents have their own strategies and share knowledge. The capability of the mechanism is studied under different settings. We find that soft control can promote cooperation and is robust to noise. Meanwhile simulation results demonstrate the applicability of the mechanism in other scenarios. Besides, the analytical proof also illustrates the effectiveness of soft control and validates simulation results. As a way of intervention in collective behaviors, soft control provides a possible direction for the study of reciprocal behaviors. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-3244459 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2011 |
publisher | Public Library of Science |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-32444592012-01-03 Special Agents Can Promote Cooperation in the Population Wang, Xin Han, Jing Han, Huawei PLoS One Research Article Cooperation is ubiquitous in our real life but everyone would like to maximize her own profits. How does cooperation occur in the group of self-interested agents without centralized control? Furthermore, in a hostile scenario, for example, cooperation is unlikely to emerge. Is there any mechanism to promote cooperation if populations are given and play rules are not allowed to change? In this paper, numerical experiments show that complete population interaction is unfriendly to cooperation in the finite but end-unknown Repeated Prisoner's Dilemma (RPD). Then a mechanism called soft control is proposed to promote cooperation. According to the basic idea of soft control, a number of special agents are introduced to intervene in the evolution of cooperation. They comply with play rules in the original group so that they are always treated as normal agents. For our purpose, these special agents have their own strategies and share knowledge. The capability of the mechanism is studied under different settings. We find that soft control can promote cooperation and is robust to noise. Meanwhile simulation results demonstrate the applicability of the mechanism in other scenarios. Besides, the analytical proof also illustrates the effectiveness of soft control and validates simulation results. As a way of intervention in collective behaviors, soft control provides a possible direction for the study of reciprocal behaviors. Public Library of Science 2011-12-21 /pmc/articles/PMC3244459/ /pubmed/22216202 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0029182 Text en Wang et al. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are properly credited. |
spellingShingle | Research Article Wang, Xin Han, Jing Han, Huawei Special Agents Can Promote Cooperation in the Population |
title | Special Agents Can Promote Cooperation in the Population |
title_full | Special Agents Can Promote Cooperation in the Population |
title_fullStr | Special Agents Can Promote Cooperation in the Population |
title_full_unstemmed | Special Agents Can Promote Cooperation in the Population |
title_short | Special Agents Can Promote Cooperation in the Population |
title_sort | special agents can promote cooperation in the population |
topic | Research Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3244459/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22216202 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0029182 |
work_keys_str_mv | AT wangxin specialagentscanpromotecooperationinthepopulation AT hanjing specialagentscanpromotecooperationinthepopulation AT hanhuawei specialagentscanpromotecooperationinthepopulation |