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Antidepressant-like effects of young green barley leaf (Hordeum vulgare L.) in the mouse forced swimming test

BACKGROUND: Young green barley leaf is one of the richest sources of antioxidants and has been widely consumed for health management in Japan. In this study, we examined whether oral administration of young green barley leaf has an antidepressant effect on the forced swimming test in mice. MATERIALS...

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Autores principales: Yamaura, Katsunori, Nakayama, Noriyuki, Shimada, Maki, Bi, Yuanyuan, Fukata, Hideki, Ueno, Koichi
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Medknow Publications & Media Pvt Ltd 2012
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3250035/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22224057
http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/0974-8490.91030
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author Yamaura, Katsunori
Nakayama, Noriyuki
Shimada, Maki
Bi, Yuanyuan
Fukata, Hideki
Ueno, Koichi
author_facet Yamaura, Katsunori
Nakayama, Noriyuki
Shimada, Maki
Bi, Yuanyuan
Fukata, Hideki
Ueno, Koichi
author_sort Yamaura, Katsunori
collection PubMed
description BACKGROUND: Young green barley leaf is one of the richest sources of antioxidants and has been widely consumed for health management in Japan. In this study, we examined whether oral administration of young green barley leaf has an antidepressant effect on the forced swimming test in mice. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Mice were individually forced to swim in an open cylindrical container, one hour after oral administration of young green barley leaf (400 or 1000 mg / kg) or imipramine (100 mg / kg). Expression of mRNA for nerve growth factor (NGF), brain-derived neurotrophic factor, and glucocorticoid receptor in the brain was analyzed using real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR). RESULTS: There was a significant antidepressant-like effect in the forced swimming test; both 400 and 1000 mg / kg young green barley leaves, as well as the positive control imipramine (100 mg / kg), reduced the immobility duration compared to the vehicle group. The expression of mRNA for NGF detected in the hippocampus immediately after the last swimming test was higher than that in the non-swimming group (Nil). Oral administration of imipramine suppressed this increase to the level of the Nil group. Young green barley leaf (400 and 1000 mg / kg) also showed a moderate decrease in the expression of mRNA for NGF, in a dose-dependent manner. CONCLUSION: Oral administration of young green barley leaf is able to produce an antidepressant-like effect in the forced swimming test. Consequently it is possible that the antidepressant-like effects of the young green barley leaf are, at least in part, mediated by an inhibition of the increase in the hippocampus levels of NGF.
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spelling pubmed-32500352012-01-05 Antidepressant-like effects of young green barley leaf (Hordeum vulgare L.) in the mouse forced swimming test Yamaura, Katsunori Nakayama, Noriyuki Shimada, Maki Bi, Yuanyuan Fukata, Hideki Ueno, Koichi Pharmacognosy Res Original Article BACKGROUND: Young green barley leaf is one of the richest sources of antioxidants and has been widely consumed for health management in Japan. In this study, we examined whether oral administration of young green barley leaf has an antidepressant effect on the forced swimming test in mice. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Mice were individually forced to swim in an open cylindrical container, one hour after oral administration of young green barley leaf (400 or 1000 mg / kg) or imipramine (100 mg / kg). Expression of mRNA for nerve growth factor (NGF), brain-derived neurotrophic factor, and glucocorticoid receptor in the brain was analyzed using real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR). RESULTS: There was a significant antidepressant-like effect in the forced swimming test; both 400 and 1000 mg / kg young green barley leaves, as well as the positive control imipramine (100 mg / kg), reduced the immobility duration compared to the vehicle group. The expression of mRNA for NGF detected in the hippocampus immediately after the last swimming test was higher than that in the non-swimming group (Nil). Oral administration of imipramine suppressed this increase to the level of the Nil group. Young green barley leaf (400 and 1000 mg / kg) also showed a moderate decrease in the expression of mRNA for NGF, in a dose-dependent manner. CONCLUSION: Oral administration of young green barley leaf is able to produce an antidepressant-like effect in the forced swimming test. Consequently it is possible that the antidepressant-like effects of the young green barley leaf are, at least in part, mediated by an inhibition of the increase in the hippocampus levels of NGF. Medknow Publications & Media Pvt Ltd 2012 /pmc/articles/PMC3250035/ /pubmed/22224057 http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/0974-8490.91030 Text en Copyright: © Pharmacognosy Research http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0 This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike 3.0 Unported, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
spellingShingle Original Article
Yamaura, Katsunori
Nakayama, Noriyuki
Shimada, Maki
Bi, Yuanyuan
Fukata, Hideki
Ueno, Koichi
Antidepressant-like effects of young green barley leaf (Hordeum vulgare L.) in the mouse forced swimming test
title Antidepressant-like effects of young green barley leaf (Hordeum vulgare L.) in the mouse forced swimming test
title_full Antidepressant-like effects of young green barley leaf (Hordeum vulgare L.) in the mouse forced swimming test
title_fullStr Antidepressant-like effects of young green barley leaf (Hordeum vulgare L.) in the mouse forced swimming test
title_full_unstemmed Antidepressant-like effects of young green barley leaf (Hordeum vulgare L.) in the mouse forced swimming test
title_short Antidepressant-like effects of young green barley leaf (Hordeum vulgare L.) in the mouse forced swimming test
title_sort antidepressant-like effects of young green barley leaf (hordeum vulgare l.) in the mouse forced swimming test
topic Original Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3250035/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22224057
http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/0974-8490.91030
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